Interactions of local habitat type, landscape composition and flower availability moderate wild bee communities
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Interactions of local habitat type, landscape composition and flower availability moderate wild bee communities Ulrich Neumu¨ller Manfred Ayasse
. Hannah Burger . Sabrina Krausch . Nico Blu¨thgen .
Received: 18 December 2019 / Accepted: 14 August 2020 Ó The Author(s) 2020
Abstract Context Landscape and local habitat traits moderate wild bee communities. However, whether landscape effects differ between local habitat types is largely unknown. Objectives We explored the way that wild bee communities in three distinct habitats are shaped by landscape composition and the availability of flowering plants by evaluating divergences in response patterns between habitats. Methods In a large-scale monitoring project across 20 research areas, wild bee data were collected on three habitats: near-natural grassland, established flower plantings and residual habitats (e.g. field margins). Additionally, landscape composition was mapped around the research areas. Results Our monitoring produced a dataset of 27,650 bees belonging to 324 species. Bee communities on all three habitats reacted similarly to local flower Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s10980-020-01096-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. U. Neumu¨ller (&) H. Burger S. Krausch M. Ayasse Institute of Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation Genomics, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany e-mail: [email protected] N. Blu¨thgen Ecological Networks, Department of Biology, Technical University of Darmstadt, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
availability. Intensively managed grassland in the surrounding landscape had an overall negative effect on the studied habitats. Other landscape variables produced diverging response patterns that were particularly pronounced during early and late season. Bee communities in near-natural grassland showed a strong positive response to ruderal areas. Flower plantings and residual habitats such as field margins showed a pronounced positive response to extensively managed grassland and woodland edges. Response patterns regarding bee abundance were consistent with those found for species richness. Conclusion We advise the consideration of local habitat type and seasonality when assessing the effect of landscape context on bee communities. A reduction in the intensity of grassland management enhances bee diversity in a broad range of habitats. Moreover, wild bee communities are promoted by habitat types such as ruderal areas or woodland edges. Keywords Wild bee Landscape composition Grassland Pollination Flower planting
Introduction Wild bees are key pollinators within natural ecosystems and croplands (Kearns et al. 1998; Kratochwil 2003; Bommarco et al. 2012; Holzschuh et al. 2012). Because evidence is accumulating for ongoing wild
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Landscape Ecol
bee decline (Biesmeijer et al. 2006; Potts et al. 2010; Bystriakova et al. 2018), widespread ecological and economi
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