Interactive design to fabrication, immersive visualization and automation in construction
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Interactive design to fabrication, immersive visualization and automation in construction Christopher Morse1 · Erik Martinez‑Parachini1 · Philip Richardson1 · Charlie Wynter1 · John Cerone1 Received: 12 June 2020 / Accepted: 5 October 2020 © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract The presented research showcases a custom design-to-fabrication workflow leveraging virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), and automated robotic fabrication. The process and custom platform demonstrate how these technologies can work together to create intuitive direct-to-fabrication workflows for the design and construction industry. The main focus of the research is developed in four different stages corresponding to the workflow. In stage one, a custom VR platform provides users an intuitive design space in full scale while accounting for fabrication constraints. Second, the modelled information is translated through a cloud -based service into 3d modeling software, in real time. In the third stage, within the 3d modeling software, a custom software solution calculates the required notching for the construction system while aligning assembly order to fabrication order. Through this platform, the programming data for robotic milling and pick-and-place operations is generated, and fabrication through industrial robotic arms is enabled. Fourth, using QR codes on fabricated components, an AR overlay aids in constructing the designed demonstrator, keeping track of pieces, and providing the right assembly order. Keywords Virtual reality · Augmented reality · Robotic fabrication · Timber · Design-to-fabrication
1 Introduction The current state of the architecture, engineering, and construction (AEC) industry lagging behind manufacturing and economic productivity and efficiency (McKinsey 2017) has pushed for new solutions to tackle this issue. Simultaneously, there is more pressure to provide more housing than ever before, at a faster rate while addressing sustainability. In an effort to respond to these pressures, during the last 20 years the traditional design and construction process has been questioned and scrutinized, and new streamlined methods for design delivery have been tested and developed, shortening the gap between design and construction. More recently, manufacturing processes have also advanced significantly, with increased research in automation, through sensing interfaces, artificial intelligence, and robotics (Menges 2015). In a similar manner, interactive visualization has become more ubiquitous and broken away from the gaming industry into the AEC industry, providing
designers and builders a new way to engage with digital information and integrating it into the physical world. SHoP Architect’s efforts in AR (Chen 2019), have begun to demonstrate how these technologies can have a deep effect in changing our understanding of construction. By having the ability to understand 3d modelled information in an immersive manner, these technologies demonstrate how an increased intuitive understanding
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