Intercellular trafficking via plasmodesmata: molecular layers of complexity
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Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences
REVIEW
Intercellular trafficking via plasmodesmata: molecular layers of complexity Ziqiang Patrick Li1 · Andrea Paterlini2 · Marie Glavier1 · Emmanuelle M. Bayer1 Received: 15 April 2020 / Revised: 28 July 2020 / Accepted: 13 August 2020 © The Author(s) 2020
Abstract Plasmodesmata are intercellular pores connecting together most plant cells. These structures consist of a central constricted form of the endoplasmic reticulum, encircled by some cytoplasmic space, in turn delimited by the plasma membrane, itself ultimately surrounded by the cell wall. The presence and structure of plasmodesmata create multiple routes for intercellular trafficking of a large spectrum of molecules (encompassing RNAs, proteins, hormones and metabolites) and also enable local signalling events. Movement across plasmodesmata is finely controlled in order to balance processes requiring communication with those necessitating symplastic isolation. Here, we describe the identities and roles of the molecular components (specific sets of lipids, proteins and wall polysaccharides) that shape and define plasmodesmata structural and functional domains. We highlight the extensive and dynamic interactions that exist between the plasma/endoplasmic reticulum membranes, cytoplasm and cell wall domains, binding them together to effectively define plasmodesmata shapes and purposes. Keywords Plants · Cell–cell communication · Plasmodesmata · ER–PM contacts · Nanodomains · Cell wall
Introduction “I tried to explain as much as I could—Poppet says. I think I made an analogy about cake Well that must have worked—Widget says. Who doesn’t like a good cake analogy?” E. Morgenstern—The Night Circus (2011). Unicellular and multicellular organisms share—among other traits—the fundamental need for communication. This is not to be intended in its verbal connotation but rather as the diverse array of molecular mechanisms used to coordinate biological processes within and between organisms. A high order classification divides signalling into intracrine Ziqiang Patrick Li and Andrea Paterlini contributed equally to this work. * Emmanuelle M. Bayer emmanuelle.bayer@u‑bordeaux.fr 1
Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, UMR 5200, F‑33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France
Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
2
(happening within a cell), autocrine (secretion of molecules that act on the secreting cell itself), juxtacrine (between physically touching cells), paracrine (aimed at cells in the vicinity of the signalling source) and endocrine (the signal produced can travel to distant cells) (reviewed in [1]). This classification is more widely employed in animal research but we feel it similarly carries value for research in other organisms, albeit with conceptual adjustments for their specific biology. Our focus is more closely aligned with a type of juxtacrine (and also possibly aspects of intracrine, paracrine and endocrine as explained at various stages in this review) signalling
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