Internal and External Effects of Sodium Sulfate on the Strength of Soil Cement
- PDF / 3,552,345 Bytes
- 16 Pages / 595.276 x 790.866 pts Page_size
- 39 Downloads / 198 Views
RESEARCH PAPER
Internal and External Effects of Sodium Sulfate on the Strength of Soil Cement Shaham Atashband1 · Mohsen Sabermahani2 · Hamidreza Elahi3 Received: 17 March 2020 / Accepted: 20 August 2020 © Shiraz University 2020
Abstract In coastal industrial zones with saturated loose soil, sulfate attack is an additional problem. The problem becomes more acute when using soil cement, because an undesirable sulfate content can enter the body of the element with the material used to create it. This research includes two parts. In the first part, the effects of internal and external sulfate attack are compared in simulation of four groups of elements: control, prefabricated, cast-in-place and soil–cement. In the second part, the effects of the sulfate-resistant cement content (100–400 kg/m3) and sulfate concentration (0–5%) on behavior of cement-stabilized sand specimens were examined. In both parts, the unconfined compressive strength of the cylindrical specimens was measured over the course of 362 days. The results of part one showed that internal attack had a significant effect on decreasing the strength of the soil–cement specimens (up to 70%) compared to prefabricated (about 40%) and cast-in-place (about 20%) specimens. The results of the second part showed a logarithmic trend in the variation of strength versus the cement factor and sulfate concentration over time. Keywords Soil cement · Internal and external sulfate attack · Unconfined compressive strength · Sulfate-resistant cement
1 Introduction The soil mixing method is an effective ground improvement technique that has been used to improve a wide range of problematic soils having different particle-size grades (Mitchell et al. 1998; Idriss and Boulanger 2008). This method has several applications (Porbaha et al. 1998; Bruce et al. 2013; Andromalos et al. 2001) and can be used for either surface soil mixing (SSM) or deep soil mixing (DSM) (Bruce et al. 2013; Porbaha 1998; Kitazume and Terashi 2013; Puppala et al. 2008). In this method, the use of blades * Mohsen Sabermahani [email protected] Shaham Atashband sh‑atashband92@iau‑arak.ac.ir Hamidreza Elahi [email protected] 1
Department of Civil Engineering, Arak Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arak, Iran
2
School of Civil Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
3
Department of Civil Engineering, Iran University of Science and Culture, Tehran, Iran
to mix soil with binder materials will lead to the formation of mass or elements of stabilized soil in the form of block, wall, grid, and columns (Porbaha 1998). Despite the environmental impact of cement (Salas et al. 2016), it is one of the most common binders used for soil mixing because of its efficiency, reasonable price, and availability. In addition, it does not require specialized equipment or restrictions for use (Porbaha 1998; Puppala et al. 2008; Bhattacharja and Bhatty 2003). Much research has been done on the effect of parameters on soil–cement strength, including the cement content (Horpibulsuk e
Data Loading...
