International Relations and the Origins of the Pacific War

International Relations and the Origins of the Pacific War examines the history of the relationship between Japan and the United States, and uses the framework of international relations theories to search for the origins of the Pacific War that erupted w

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Ko Unoki

International Relations and the Origins of the Pacific War

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International Relations and the Origins of the Pacific War Ko Unoki

© Ko Unoki 2016 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2016 978-1-137-57201-1

All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No portion of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, Saffron House, 6–10 Kirby Street, London EC1N 8TS. Any person who does any unauthorized act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. The author has asserted his right to be identified as the author of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. First published 2016 by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN Palgrave Macmillan in the UK is an imprint of Macmillan Publishers Limited, registered in England, company number 785998, of Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS. Palgrave Macmillan in the US is a division of St Martin’s Press LLC, 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10010. Palgrave Macmillan is the global academic imprint of the above companies and has companies and representatives throughout the world. Palgrave® and Macmillan® are registered trademarks in the United States, the United Kingdom, Europe and other countries. ISBN 978-1-137-57202-8 (eBook) ISBN 978-1-349-56390-6 DOI 10.1007/978-1-137-57202-8

This book is printed on paper suitable for recycling and made from fully managed and sustained forest sources. Logging, pulping and manufacturing processes are expected to conform to the environmental regulations of the country of origin. A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. A catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress. Typeset by MPS Limited, Chennai, India.

Contents Preface

vii

Acknowledgments

xi

Introduction: An Overview of the Pacific War (1941–1945) Pearl Harbor Japanese victories and the beginning of the end The collapse of the Japanese empire and its aftermath

1 1 2 3

1 Realism and Power Transition in International Relations Realism Power Transition theory

6 6 16

2 Japan-US Relations 1853–1941 Gunboat diplomacy and the opening of Japan The US instructs Japan in the game of imperialism Japan becomes an imperial power: the Japan-Qing War American reaction: admiration for the Japanese; contempt for the Chinese The US attempts to avoid missing the bus in China: the Open Door British support for Japan and the Russo-Japanese War The US supports Japanese expansion in Korea Japan gains a foothold in Manchuria—with US acquiescence Roosevelt supports a Japanese Monroe Doctrine for Asia Roosevelt’s realist policy and peace with Japan The US challenges Japan’s rising power American attempts to contain the rising po