International Science and Technology Philosophy, Theory and Policy

This book formulates both a theory of science and technology, a philosophy guiding its development and utilization as well as foundations for developing a policy on science and technology. The book should enrich debate and future searches for the paradigm

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Also by Mekki Mtewa AFRICAN ADMINISTRATION AND DEVELOPMENT POLITICS (editor) THE CONSULTANT CONNEXION: Evaluation of the Federal Consulting Service INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT AND ALTERNATIVE FUTURES (editor) MALA WI POLITICAL THEORY AND PUBLIC POLICY PERSPECTIVES IN INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT (editor) PUBLIC POLICY AND DEVELOPMENT POLITICS: The Politics of Technical Expertise in Africa SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND DEVELOPMENT: Options and Policies (editor)

International Science and Technology Philosophy, Theory and Policy Edited by

Mekki Mtewa

Founder and Chief Executive Officer Association for the Advancement of Policy, Research and Development in the Third World

Palgrave Macmillan

ISBN 978-1-349-11674-4 ISBN 978-1-349-11672-0 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-1-349-11672-0

© Mekki Mtewa 1990

Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1990

All rights reserved. For information, write: Scholarly and Reference Division, St. Martin's Press, Inc., 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10010 First published in the United States of America in 1990 ISBN 978-0-312-03688-1

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data International science and technology: philosophy, theory, and policy edited by Mekki Mtewa. p.cm. ISBN 978-0-312-03688-1 1. Science and state-Developing countries. 2. Technology and stateDeveloping countries. I. Mtewa, Mekki. Q127.2.I576 1990 338.9'26'091724-dc20 89-27469 CIP

To my parents for their dreams of a brighter, humane tomorrow and to Lessie Viola, for her commitment to the present

Contents About the Authors

ix

Acknowledgements

xi

Foreword

xii

Section I 1 Science and Technology for Development: Theory and Practice Mekki Mtewa Section II Educational Policy 2 Educational Ideologies and Technical Development in the Third World Mehrangiz Najafizadeh and Lewis A. Mennerick

3

29

A Research Model Applied to a Computer Project in Swaziland Martha Tyler John and Floyd Idwal John

43

4 Cultural Constraints in the Transference of Computer Technologies to Third World Countries Elia Chepaitis

61

3

Section III Institutional Policy 5 Experts, Advisers and Consultants in Science, Technology and Development Policy Mekki Mtewa

75

6 Strategies for Communicating on Innovative Management with Receptive Individuals in Development Organizations Larissa A. Grunig and James E. Grunig

118

7 Southern African Urban Development: Prospects for Involvement of American Institutions Marvel A. Lang

132

Section IV Communication Policy 8 Global Telecommunication Strategies for Developing Countries Peter Habermann vii

143

viii

Contents

9 A Model for Telecommunication Development in Africa John James Haute 10 Information Markets, Telecommunications and China's Future William B. Crawford Section V Economic Policy 11 United States Bilateral Foreign Aid and Multilateral Aid: A Comparison David Porter 12 Economic Development in Latin America: The Brazilian Experience Eufronio Carreno Roman

151

159

173

189

About the Authors Eufronio Carreno Ronuin teaches economics at Kean College, New Jersey. Elia Chepaitis is

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