Interplay between adolescent physical activity and life satisfaction: gender as potential effect modifier
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Interplay between adolescent physical activity and life satisfaction: gender as potential effect modifier Agne_ Slapsˇinskaite_ 1,2
•
Juste_ Lukosˇevicˇiu¯te_ 2 • Kastytis Sˇmigelskas2,3
Received: 25 April 2020 / Revised: 24 August 2020 / Accepted: 26 August 2020 Swiss School of Public Health (SSPH+) 2020
Abstract Objectives Recently, adolescents fall short of adequate physical activity (PA) requirements, though the benefits of active lifestyle are well documented. In this study, we analyzed how the PA is associated with life satisfaction among adolescent girls and boys. Methods Data for this study were collected in April–June 2018 during the international HBSC survey in Lithuania (n = 4191, aged 13.9 ± 1.69 years). From self-report questionnaire, the indicators reflecting PA, life satisfaction, body image, somatic complaints, wellbeing, demographic, and socioeconomic status were analyzed. Bivariate analysis used Chisquared test, multivariate associations—logistic regression method. Results Moderate-to-vigorous PA was sufficient among 18% of schoolchildren, while 66% of respondents met vigorous PA requirements. For boys vigorous PA can be regarded as the predictor of better life satisfaction (OR = 1.63, p \ 0.05), while for girls the moderate-to-vigorous PA is observed as a risk factor for lower life satisfaction at borderline significance (OR = 0.67, p = 0.053). Conclusions Addressing the PA and life satisfaction interplay, we identify essential differences between genders. Schools, parents, and policy makers should enable the adolescents with more opportunities and equipment for vigorous rather than moderate-to-vigorous PA. Keywords Schoolchildren Physical activity Life satisfaction Body image Biopsychosocial model
Introduction Worldwide more than 80% of schoolchildren and adolescents fall short of the physical activity (PA) requirements set by World Health Organization (WHO). In this line, steep declines in PA have been reported among children as This article is part of the special issue ‘‘Adolescent health in Central and Eastern Europe’’. & Agn_e Slapsˇinskait_e [email protected] 1
Department of Sports Medicine, Faculty of Nursing, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilzˇe_ s g. 18, 47181 Kaunas, Lithuania
2
Faculty of Public Health, Health Research Institute, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilzˇe_ s g. 18, 47181 Kaunas, Lithuania
3
Department of Health Psychology, Faculty of Public Health, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilzˇe_ s g. 18, 47181 Kaunas, Lithuania
they transition to adolescence, and especially among girls (Guthold et al. 2020). Specifically, between 11 and 15 years daily PA dropped among boys from 30 to 21%, among girls from 21 to 11% (Inchley et al. 2016). Perhaps unsurprisingly, a major factor contributing to the rising prevalence of sedentary behavior in adolescents is low levels of daily moderate-to-vigorous PA and vigor
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