Interplay of phytohormones facilitate sorghum tolerance to aphids
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Interplay of phytohormones facilitate sorghum tolerance to aphids Sajjan Grover1 · Earl Agpawa1 · Gautam Sarath2 · Scott E. Sattler2 · Joe Louis1,3 Received: 20 July 2020 / Accepted: 7 October 2020 © Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract Key message Interactions among phytohormones are essential for providing tolerance of sorghum plants to aphids. Abstract Plant’s encounter with insect herbivores trigger defense signaling networks that fine-tune plant resistance to insect pests. Although it is well established that phytohormones contribute to antixenotic- and antibiotic-mediated resistance to insect pests, their role in conditioning plant tolerance, the most durable and promising category of host plant resistance, is largely unknown. Here, we screened a panel of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) inbred lines to identify and characterize sorghum tolerance to sugarcane aphids (SCA; Melanaphis sacchari Zehntner), a relatively new and devastating pest of sorghum in the United States. Our results suggest that the sorghum genotype SC35, the aphid-tolerant line identified among the sorghum genotypes, displayed minimal plant biomass loss and a robust photosynthetic machinery, despite supporting higher aphid population. Phytohormone analysis revealed significantly higher basal levels of 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid, a precursor in the jasmonic acid biosynthesis pathway, in the sorghum SCA-tolerant SC35 plants. Salicylic acid accumulation appeared as a generalized plant response to aphids in sorghum plants, however, SCA feeding-induced salicylic acid levels were unaltered in the sorghum tolerant genotype. Conversely, basal levels of abscisic acid and aphid feeding-induced cytokinins were accumulated in the SCA-tolerant sorghum genotype. Our findings imply that the aphid-tolerant sorghum genotype tightly controls the relationship among phytohormones, as well as provide significant insights into the underlying mechanisms that contribute to plant tolerance to sap-sucking aphids. Keywords Abscisic acid · Aphids · Cytokinins · OPDA · Phytohormones · Plant tolerance · Sorghum
Introduction Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) is one of the world’s most important monocot crops grown for grain and bioenergy and is crucial to our ability to efficiently feed a growing global population. More recently, sorghum has garnered attention as a food crop in Western countries due to its high nutrient content (de Morais Cardoso et al. 2017). However, Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s11103-020-01083-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Joe Louis [email protected] 1
Department of Entomology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA
2
Wheat, Sorghum, and Forage Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA
3
Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA
sorghum is also susceptible to insect pests that can dramatically decrease its yields. Sugarcane aphid (SCA; Melanaphis sacchari Zehntner),
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