Interspecific variation in Citrus species analyzed through phytochemicals and related bioactivities
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Interspecific variation in Citrus species analyzed through phytochemicals and related bioactivities Myriam Lamine1 · Ahmed Mliki1 Received: 9 May 2020 / Accepted: 8 July 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract This study was conducted to provide additional information about the phytochemical and the bioactive patterns of the lipophilic fraction of citrus fruits using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and reversed-phase-liquid chromatography coupled with fluorescence detector (RP-HPLC). The recovered oils were rich in α-linolenic and palmitic acids. The concentration of total tocopherols and phytosterols varied significantly among Citrus species, where the highest amount was detected in C. reticulata and C. aurantium indicating that these species could be exploited as a natural and cheap source of bioactive molecules. C. limon exhibited the highest antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. Both quantitative and qualitative difference of these lipophilic compounds and their bioactive potentialities contributed to the differentiation of the studied species and thus, could be useful as chemotaxonomic markers. The trait-to-trait correlations contributed to identify a set of potential metabolites that could be implicated in the observed biological activity. The integration of the results of the phytochemical and bioactive patterns provides extra-information on Citrus species and can also be applied for future investigations and to obtain a detailed fingerprint useful for breeding, conservation and improvement purposes. Keywords Citrus · Fruit oils · Lipophilic compounds · Bioactivity · Correlation analysis · Chemometrics
Introduction Nature has always been an important source of molecules with countless biological properties as such, or after chemical modification. On the other hand, massive quantities of by‐products are subsequently obtained from different process can be convalesced and exploited as a natural source of lipophilic compounds. Considerable amounts of citrus fruits are produced annually [1]. Due to their abundance in bioactive compounds, citrus fruits are known to have many positive health effects [2]. Citrus waste, a sustainable biowaste residue, has been subjected to different valorization studies to recover their matter and energy [3]. Moreover, Waste can be subjected to Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s11694-020-00556-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Myriam Lamine [email protected] 1
Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Biotechnology Center of Borj-Cedria, BP 901, 2050 Hammam‑Lif, Tunisia
treatment due to natural bacteria populations adapted to the essential oils present in the peels [4]. The importance of oil in industry is determined by its fatty acid composition. In fact, authors have reported that the quality and flavor of some products can be affected by the fatty acid composition of the lipid [5].
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