Introduction to Astrochemistry Chemical Evolution from Interstellar

This important book describes the basic principles of astrochemistry—an interdisciplinary field combining astronomy, physics, and chemistry—with particular emphasis on its physical and chemical background. Chemical processes in diffuse clouds, dense quies

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Satoshi Yamamoto

Introduction to Astrochemistry Chemical Evolution from Interstellar Clouds to Star and Planet Formation

Astronomy and Astrophysics Library Series editors Gerhard B€ orner, Garching, Germany Andreas Burkert, München, Germany W.B. Burton, Mathews, Virgin Islands, USA Athena Coustenis, Meudon CX, France Michael A. Dopita, Weston Creek, Aust Capital Terr, Australia Bruno Leibundgut, Garching, Germany Georges Meynet, Versoix, Switzerland Peter Schneider, Bonn, Germany Virginia Trimble, Irvine, California, USA Derek Ward-Thompson, Preston, United Kingdom Ian Robson, Edinburgh, United Kingdom Martin A Barstow, Heidelberg, Baden-Württemberg, Germany

More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/848

Satoshi Yamamoto

Introduction to Astrochemistry Chemical Evolution from Interstellar Clouds to Star and Planet Formation

Satoshi Yamamoto Department of Physics The University of Tokyo Tokyo, Japan

ISSN 0941-7834 ISSN 2196-9698 (electronic) Astronomy and Astrophysics Library ISBN 978-4-431-54170-7 ISBN 978-4-431-54171-4 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-4-431-54171-4 Library of Congress Control Number: 2016962456 © Springer Japan 2017 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Cover illustration: Satoshi Yamamoto Printed on acid-free paper This Springer imprint is published by Springer Nature The registered company is Springer Japan KK The registered company address is: Chiyoda First Bldg. East, 3-8-1 Nishi-Kanda, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0065, Japan

Preface

In modern astronomy and astrophysics, chemistry is becoming increasingly important. Molecules are found everywhere in the universe owing to rapid progress of spectroscopic observations particularly in the radio, infrared, and optical regimes. Exploring chemical compositions of astronomical sources itself is of fundamental importance in understanding evolution of matter in the