Introduction to General Relativity A Course for Undergraduate Studen

Following the approach of Lev Landau and Evgenii Lifshitz, this book introduces the theory of special and general relativity with the Lagrangian formalism and the principle of least action. This method allows the complete theory to be constructed starting

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Cosimo Bambi

Introduction to General Relativity A Course for Undergraduate Students of Physics

Undergraduate Lecture Notes in Physics

Undergraduate Lecture Notes in Physics (ULNP) publishes authoritative texts covering topics throughout pure and applied physics. Each title in the series is suitable as a basis for undergraduate instruction, typically containing practice problems, worked examples, chapter summaries, and suggestions for further reading. ULNP titles must provide at least one of the following: • An exceptionally clear and concise treatment of a standard undergraduate subject. • A solid undergraduate-level introduction to a graduate, advanced, or non-standard subject. • A novel perspective or an unusual approach to teaching a subject. ULNP especially encourages new, original, and idiosyncratic approaches to physics teaching at the undergraduate level. The purpose of ULNP is to provide intriguing, absorbing books that will continue to be the reader’s preferred reference throughout their academic career. Series editors Neil Ashby University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA William Brantley Department of Physics, Furman University, Greenville, SC, USA Matthew Deady Physics Program, Bard College, Annandale-on-Hudson, NY, USA Michael Fowler Department of Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA Morten Hjorth-Jensen Department of Physics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway Michael Inglis Department of Physical Sciences, SUNY Suffolk County Community College, Selden, NY, USA

More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/8917

Cosimo Bambi

Introduction to General Relativity A Course for Undergraduate Students of Physics

123

Cosimo Bambi Department of Physics Fudan University Shanghai China and Theoretical Astrophysics Eberhard-Karls Universität Tübingen Tübingen Germany

ISSN 2192-4791 ISSN 2192-4805 (electronic) Undergraduate Lecture Notes in Physics ISBN 978-981-13-1089-8 ISBN 978-981-13-1090-4 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-1090-4 Library of Congress Control Number: 2018945069 © Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2018 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors