From Special Relativity to Feynman Diagrams A Course of Theoretical
This books aims at filling a gap between the basics courses of classical and quantum mechanics and advanced courses of (relativistic) quantum mechanics and field theory. Particular emphasis is given to the role of symmetry in modern theoretical physics. F
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Subseries Editors Michele Cini Stefano Forte Inguscio Massimo G. Montagna Oreste Nicrosini Franco Pacini Luca Peliti Alberto Rotondi
For further volumes: http://www.springer.com/series/4467
Riccardo D’Auria Mario Trigiante •
From Special Relativity to Feynman Diagrams A Course of Theoretical Particle Physics for Beginners
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Prof. Riccardo D’Auria Department of Physics Politecnico of Torino Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24 10129 Torino Italy e-mail: [email protected]
Prof. Mario Trigiante Department of Physics Politecnico of Torino Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24 10129 Torino Italy e-mail: [email protected]
ISSN 2038-5730 ISBN 978-88-470-1503-6 DOI 10.1007/978-88-470-1504-3
e-ISSN 2038-5765 e-ISBN 978-88-470-1504-3
Springer Milan Heidelberg Dordrecht London New York Library of Congress Control Number: 2011920257 Ó Springer-Verlag Italia 2012 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilm or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the Italian Copyright Law in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Violations are liable to prosecution under the Italian Copyright Law. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Cover design: Simona Colombo, Milan Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)
To Anna Maria R.D’A. To my parents M.T.
Preface
This book has developed from the lecture notes of a course in Advanced Quantum Mechanics held by the authors at the Politecnico of Torino for students of ‘‘physical engineering’’, that is students who, even though oriented towards applied physics and technology, were interested in acquiring a fair knowledge of modern fundamental physics. Although originally conceived for students of engineering, we have eventually extended the target of this book to also include students of physics who may be interested in a comprehensive and concise treatment of the main subjects of their theoretical physics courses. What underlies our choice of topics is the purpose of giving a consistent presentation of the theoretical ideas which have been developed since the very beginning of the last century, namely special relativity and quantum mechanics, up to the first consistent and experimentally validated quantum field theory, namely quantum electrodynamics. This theory provides a successful description of the interaction between photons and electrons and dates back to the middle of the last century. Consistently with this purpose (and also for keeping the book within a reasonable
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