Introduction to Structural Chemistry
Structural chemistry often suffers from fragmented approach, progressing either from the aggregate state (crystallography vs isolated molecule structure), from the method of investigation (X-ray diffraction, spectroscopy, compressibility, etc.) or from th
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Stepan S. Batsanov • Andrei S. Batsanov
Introduction to Structural Chemistry
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Prof. Stepan S. Batsanov Russian Academy of Sciences Institute of Struct. Macrokinetics and Materials Science Chernogolovka Moscow Region Russia
Ph.D. Andrei S. Batsanov Durham University Chemistry Department Durham United Kingdom
ISBN 978-94-007-4770-8 ISBN 978-94-007-4771-5 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-94-007-4771-5 Springer Dordrecht Heidelberg London New York Library of Congress Control Number: 2012954252 © Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2012 No part of this work may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher, with the exception of any material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)
Foreword
The subject of structural chemistry is usually defined to include the geometry, i.e. spacial arrangement of atoms, and electronic structure of molecules and crystals. In our opinion, this definition is far too narrow. Firstly, the structures of liquids and amorphous solids are left out or mentioned only briefly. Secondly, all too often the discussion of crystal structure is restricted to its idealised model, assuming perfect periodicity and ignoring defects, atomic displacements and vibrations, which in fact are very important in materials science. Most significantly, geometrical structure should be considered not in isolation, but in unity with energetic parameters, chemical reactivity and various physical properties of the substance. Books on structural chemistry also suffer from partitions according to the aggregate state, the methods of investigation (X-ray crystallography, electron and neutron diffraction, spectroscopy, magnetic resonance, etc.) or the types of substances (inorganic, coordination, organometallic and organic), obscuring the essential unity of the subject. Finally, notwithstanding the present deluge of experimental results, many textbooks are still quoting “standard” parameters (bond distances, atomic radii) derived decades ago from the scantest experimental data then available. The aim of the present book is to outline structural chemistry in this broader sense, within the wider background of chemistry and physics. The discussion of major concepts and models is combined with an extensive compilation of the reference data and tables of standard quantitative parameters, critically revised in the light of the most up-to-date experimental results. Obviously, it is impossible to cover systematically every area of structural chemistry in a single book—today, this would require dozens of volumes. Therefore, the discussions of the theory of crystal symmetry or the description of simple structural types, which are excellently presented in many books, are reduced here to a barest minim
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