Invariantive Mechanics of Systems of Material Points
In the case of a material point, inertia is characterized by the interdependency of mass and velocity and by the expression mc2 of the point’s energy.
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OCT A V ONICESCU MEMBER OF THE ROMANIAN ACADEMY
INVARIANTIVE MECHANICS
SPRINGER-VERLAG WIEN GMBH
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© 1975 by
Springer-Verlag Wien
Originally published by Springer-Verlag Wien-New York in 1975
ISBN 978-3-211-81349-2 DOI 10.1007/978-3-7091-2989-0
ISBN 978-3-7091-2989-0 (eBook)
PREFACE Mechanics is the science of motion of the bodies of the material universe. For centuries, this frame of our experience has been conceived in various manners. Sometimes in a very complete and precise manner, in the sense that the universe ir,~cludes both stars, the solar system and the bodies of the earthly experiments. It was the case of Aristotle's mechanics and also that of Ptolemy's; but each of these three worlds conserved its special motion laws. A proper and universal mechanical principle, unique for the whole universe, was formulated for the first time by Arhimede, who did not try to build a corresponding theory. I am thinking of the principle of the lever that was, however, a universal principle of equilibrium between action and reaction. In modern times the idea of material identity among all the bodies of the universe made its way; it had a first great victory with the copernican theory. It also has been recorded as an indisputable truth in Leonardo's manuscripts, and it reached the final victory with Galilei's celestial discoveries. The science. of natural motion began as early as people became convinced of a substantial .identity among the bodies of our universe. Limited, first, with Galilei, at the motion of the bodies under the strength of their weight here on the Earth, then with Newton for all motions on the Earth and in the planetary system, it has since aspired to include the whole universe. The latter being conceived as a unity realized by the motion of all its material bodies, in a system of interactions which maintain its stability. The astronomic discoveries which happened in an accelerated rhythm since Newton to our days have strengthened this idea of unity of the universe which reached its culminating point in the discovery of the dilatation phenomenon governed by Hubble's law in its general sense. To this success of the experimental knowledge, corresponds the creation of the theory of relativity, which gave us a handy geometrical image of this universe in its spatial wholeness as a representation of its material structure and of its general properties. Coming back to the position of a science of motion in which the presence of the whole universe is to be found in each of its components, not by structural geometric ways, as in relativity, but by means of the analysis of the elementary processes of motion following the line of Newtonian thought, the Invariant
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Mechanics, without leaving the spatia- temporal frame of the old
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