Investigating environmental awareness of citizens of Azerbaijan: a survey on ecological footprint
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Investigating environmental awareness of citizens of Azerbaijan: a survey on ecological footprint Ismail Bulent Gurbuz1 · Elcin Nesirov1 · Gulay Ozkan1 Received: 24 June 2020 / Accepted: 16 October 2020 © Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract The adverse effects of humans on the environment are growing every day. "Ecological footprint" (EF) is related to the Sustainable Environment and measures the impact of human activities on the environment. The reduction of EF has become a critical issue. This research aims to determine the EF awareness of consumers. The research sample consists of 404 consumers residing in the Ganja province of Azerbaijan. The “ecological footprint awareness survey” has been used as a data collection tool. The collected data were analysed with the SPSS 24.0 package program. The variables of the research were gender, educational status, place of residence, occupation, and income. Research has shown that the highest consumer awareness of EF was in food and transportation, and the lowest awareness was in water consumption. There was no statistically significant difference by gender. When the resident effect was examined, EF water consumption awareness was significantly higher among those living in the town than those living in the city. Consumers with middle school and university degrees were more conscious of their energy consumption levels. By profession, civil servants, farmers and housewives exerted higher environmental awareness than other groups examined. Finally, the income variable showed that higher-income consumers were more aware of the food, energy, and water consumption related matters. Keyword Azerbaijan · Ecological footprint · Biological capacity · Ecological footprint awareness survey · Sustainable environment
1 Introduction Preservation of ecological balance, rational use of natural resources, protection of water, soil and atmospheric air from pollution has become a universal problem in the new millennium. Along with the demographic growth in the world, issues of concern such as a sharp increase in consumption, global warming, the damaging ozone layer, depletion of natural resources have also affected the thinking and activities related to the environment (Tosunoglu 2014; Danish et al. 2019). Under the conditions of the global environmental crisis, * Ismail Bulent Gurbuz [email protected] 1
Department of Agricultural Economics, Faculty of Agriculture, Bursa Uludag University, 16059 Gorukle, Nilufer, Bursa, Turkey
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maintaining the necessary balance between the economy, society and the environment can be achieved only through the formation of a new environmentally sound and economically viable model of development: sustainable development. In this context, the main priority at the moment is the coordination of global, regional and national tools for achieving sustainable development (Jóhannesson et al. 2018; Niccolucci et al. 2012). The increase in environmental problems has led to the introduction of new concepts to the lite
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