Investigating the spatio-temporal variations of the impact of urbanization on haze pollution using multiple indicators
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Investigating the spatio-temporal variations of the impact of urbanization on haze pollution using multiple indicators Yuanhua Yang1
•
Dengli Tang2 • Xi Yang3
Accepted: 12 November 2020 Ó Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Although China’s rapid urbanization in recent decades has brought significant economic development, it has also placed considerable pressure on the country’s environment. Based on the multiple content characteristics of urbanization, this study quantified urbanization using four aspects: urbanization rate, population density, urban expansion, and industrial agglomeration. Using China’s provincial panel data from 2002 to 2018, the spatial and temporal differences of the effects of urbanization on haze pollution were evaluated with the use of a spatial econometric model. The main findings of the study found are as follows: (1) Haze pollution has significant spatial overflow effect and local agglomeration characteristics. (2) Urbanization leads to increased levels of haze pollution. Specifically, urbanization rate, urban expansion, and industrial agglomeration were found to directly increase haze pollution in the provinces, while population density did not have a significant correlation with haze pollution, which suggests different metrics of urbanization may exhibit varying effects on haze pollution. (3) The study found significant regional and temporal differences in the impact of urbanization on haze pollution. Policies and recommendations regarding haze pollution control are proposed based on the findings of the study. Keywords Haze pollution Investigation Multiple indicators Urbanization
1 Introduction Over the past 30 years of socio-political reforms and economic opening-up, China has made significant achievements in urbanization. In 1978, China’s urbanization rate was below 20%; by 2018, the urbanization rate reached 60.93%, exceeding the global average of 55% (Du et al. 2019). Rapid economic development and increased & Yuanhua Yang [email protected] Dengli Tang [email protected] Xi Yang [email protected] 1
School of Public Administration, Guangdong University of Finance and Economics, Guangzhou 510320, China
2
School of Business Administration, Guangdong University of Finance and Economics, Guangzhou 510320, China
3
School of International Business, Guangdong University of Finance and Economics, Guangzhou 510320, China
urbanization complement each other and become important forces that promote China’s social progress and economic transformation (Shao et al. 2019). China’s urbanization rate has grown rapidly, along with the country’s haze pollution and other environmental difficulties (Han 2016). Haze is a collective term for two low visibility weather phenomena: fog and haze. Fog consists of a condensation of water vapor resulting in visual visibility of less than 1000 m, while haze is air pollution consisting of sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and respirable particles floating in the air that give the sky a yellow o
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