Investigation into the Catalytic Performance of Cu(II) Supported Graphene Quantum Dots Modified NiFe 2 O 4 as a Proficie
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Investigation into the Catalytic Performance of Cu(II) Supported Graphene Quantum Dots Modified NiFe2O4 as a Proficient Nano‑Catalyst in the Synthesis of Propargylasmines Soudabeh Monajjemifar1 · Farid Moeinpour1 · Fatemeh S. Mohseni‑Shahri1 Received: 17 April 2020 / Accepted: 20 September 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract NiFe2O4 nanoparticles are modified by graphene quantum dots (GQDs) and utilized to stabilize the Cu(II) nanoparticles as a novel magnetically retrievable catalytic system (Cu(II)/GQDs/NiFe2O4) for green formation of propargylamines under solvent-free conditions. The various aldehydes/ketones, amines, and phenylacetylene were reacted at 100 °C in the presence of the catalyst to synthesize propargylamines. The prepared catalyst can be isolated assisted by an outer magnet and recovered for five courses without significant reduction in its efficiency. The as-prepared magnetic heterogeneous nanocomposite was characterized by UV–Vis, FT-IR, XRD, EDS, VSM, TEM, TGA and ICP. Performing the reactions in environmentally friendly and affordable conditions, the low catalyst percentage, high yield of products, short reaction times and easy workup are the merits of this protocol. Graphic Abstract
Keywords NiFe2O4 · Graphene quantum dots · Propargylamines · Solvent-free
1 Introduction * Farid Moeinpour [email protected] 1
Department of Chemistry, Bandar Abbas Branch, Islamic Azad University, 7915893144 Bandar Abbas, Iran
Graphene quantum dots (GQDs) are the zero-dimension nano-graphenes with special characteristics like small size, chemical inertness, photoluminescence, ease to be
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functionalized with biomolecules and biocompatibility have received a lot of attention in the nanotechnology researches [1–3]. Nevertheless, the diverse uses of GQD, little consideration has been given for applying GQD as solid support or catalyst in the reactions [4–6]. Preparation of highperforming nano-catalysts for organic reactions is remain a major challenging task. To achieve greater specific area and more effective sites, nano-catalysts should be functionalized by activated moieties [7–9]. It is proved that the modification of the nano-catalyst with GQDs avoids the aggregation of fine particles and therefore enhances the active specific area for an effective catalytically reaction [8, 9]. Magnetic nanoparticles have been the focus of attention to researchers for consecutive years [10]. Many works have been published and also indicated that the importance of magnetic catalysts [11–14]. Among them, N iFe2O4 has been getting more consideration, owing to its strong coercive power, appropriate magnetic induction and high permanence [15]. Several researches verify the outlooks of using N iFe2O4 as an effective nano-catalyst [16–19]. The immobilization of nano-NiFe2O4 on GQDs will lead to a multi-purpose nano scaffold for efficient catalytic activity [20]. Propargylamines are very useful key components in the preparation of organic compound
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