Investigation of dielectric, mechanical, and electrical properties of flame synthesized Y 2/3 Cu 2.90 Zn 0.10 Ti 4 O 12
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Investigation of dielectric, mechanical, and electrical properties of flame synthesized Y2/3Cu2.90Zn0.10Ti4O12 material Laxman Singh1,2 · Muhammad Sheeraz3 · Mahmudun Nabi Chowdhury4 · U. S. Rai5 · Shiva Sunder Yadava1 · Young Seok Park6 · Satya Vir Singh7 · Youngil Lee1 Received: 12 December 2017 / Accepted: 4 April 2018 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2018
Abstract A simple flame synthesis method was used to fabricate the Y2/3Cu2.90Zn0.10Ti4O12 (YCZTO) material. The X-ray diffraction analysis showed the single-phase formation of the YCZTO material directly sintered at 1050 °C for 15 h. Scanning electron microscopy showed well packed grains with high densification of morphology having the average grain size in range of 0.8–4 µm. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis showed that the Cu and Zn are in + 2 valence state confirming the Zn successfully incorporated at C u2+ site. YCZTO exhibited the εr value of ∼ 1.4 × 103 and dielectric loss (tan δ) of ∼ 0.09 at 50 °C. The impedance spectroscopy analysis suggested that the obtained YCZTO material is electrically heterogeneous. The activation energies (Ea) for conduction at the grain boundaries at higher temperature range (110–150 °C) were found to be in the range ∼ 1.0 eV. Besides the dielectric property, YCZTO also showed the interesting mechanical and I–V characteristics.
1 Introduction Multilayer ceramic capacitors have been widely investigated due to the great demand of their applications in modern electronic industries of defence, automobile, mobile communications, and aerospace [1, 2]. It is well known that the materials possessing the colossal dielectric constants (CDCs) with low dielectric loss are highly desirable for industrial applications [3]. The body-centred cubic perovskite, A Cu3Ti4O12 * Youngil Lee [email protected] 1
Department of Chemistry, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 44776, Republic of Korea
2
Department of Chemistry, R.R.S. College, Mokama, Patna 803302, Bihar, India
3
Department of Physics and Energy Harvest Storage Research Center, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 44610, Republic of Korea
4
School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 44610, Republic of Korea
5
Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science (BHU), Varanasi 221005, India
6
School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 44776, Republic of Korea
7
Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, India
(A = Ca, Bi2/3, La2/3, and Y2/3), type materials have high dielectric constant [4–7]. CaCu3Ti4O12 (CCTO), a member of ACu3Ti4O12 family, firstly discovered by Subramanian et al. has generated considerable interest of researchers over a decade due to its high potential for electronic device applications [8]. CCTO possess the colossal dielectric constants εr ~ 104 with temperature independence in the temperature range of 100–600 K [9]. However, the high values of its dielectric loss make limitation of their applications. Ther
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