Investigation of physical and mechanical properties of nano-pulverized cellulose nanofiber preform sheets for CNF thermo
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Investigation of physical and mechanical properties of nano‑pulverized cellulose nanofiber preform sheets for CNF thermoset nanocomposites application Thirunavukarasu Devendran1 · Yuta Saito2 · Yoshinobu Shimamura3 · Keiichiro Tohgo3 · Tomoyuki Fujii3 Received: 6 August 2019 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract To study the physical and mechanical properties of nano-pulverized cellulose nanofiber (CNF) sheets, CNF sheets were prepared by vacuum filtration and solvent exchange—hot press technique with different concentrations of CNF, respectively. The microstructures as well as the mechanical properties of the corresponding CNF sheets were investigated, and low density and high porosity of the solvent-treated CNF sheets were shown. Porosity of the CNF sheets was successfully controlled using solvent with different concentrations of CNF. The porous structure of the CNF sheet was investigated by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). Structural changes were observed as a consequence of solvent exchange method. Tensile strength and elastic moduli of solvent-treated CNF sheets were lower than those of water-dried CNF sheets due to the solvent exchange method. The physical and mechanical properties of solvent-treated CNF sheets are better than those of many thermoplastics. The resin impregnation of solvent-treated CNF preforms was successfully demonstrated. The resin impregnation condition of solvent-treated CNF preform sheets were observed by using FE-SEM. The tensile strengths and Young’s modulus of CNF/epoxy films were higher than those of the solvent-treated cellulose nanofiber preform sheet.
* Thirunavukarasu Devendran [email protected] 1
Department of Environment and Energy System, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 3‑5‑1 Johoku, Naka‑ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 432‑8561, Japan
2
Department of Engineering, Graduate School of Integrated Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 3‑5‑1 Johoku, Naka‑ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 432‑8561, Japan
3
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Shizuoka University, 3‑5‑1 Johoku, Naka‑ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 432‑8561, Japan
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Vol.:(0123456789)
Wood Science and Technology
Introduction Reduction in petroleum-based resources and other environmental problems, such as global warming have stimulated considerable interest in the development of environmentally sustainable materials, composed of cellulose, hemicelluloses, and lignin (Miao et al. 2014; Mtibe et al. 2015; Neto et al. 2013). Advantages of bio-based plant materials are renewability, biodegradability, and environmental friendliness. Therefore, it is a suitable replacement for petroleum-based materials in numerous applications including automotive, construction, and furniture. Cellulosic nanomaterials were extracted from plants and agricultural residues; they are subcategorized as cellulose nanofibers (CNF) and cellulose nanocrystals (CNC). CNF is a long, flexible, entangled network with a diameter of approximately
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