Investigation on Wear Characteristics of TiBFe Composites Containing 10 at.% Boron and 10-30 at.% Iron
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JMEPEG https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-020-05130-z
Investigation on Wear Characteristics of TiBFe Composites Containing 10 at.% Boron and 10-30 at.% Iron Ashwani Ranjan, Rajnesh Tyagi, Vikas Jindal, and K.S.R. Chandran (Submitted May 16, 2020; in revised form August 5, 2020) Present work aims to synthesize spark plasma-sintered Ti–TiB–Fe composites with varying Fe content via reaction between Ti, Fe and TiB2 and explore their potential as tribological material. The content of boron was kept constant at 10 at.%, whereas the Fe was added in 10, 20 and 30 at.% to result in three different types of composites designated as TiBFe1010, TiBFe1020 and TiBFe1030. Sliding wear tests were conducted under a reciprocating mode against a counterface of AISI 52100 steel ball at different loads of 10, 15, 20 and 25 N. In situ reaction between Ti, TiB2 and Fe resulted in the formation of TiB and FeTi as confirmed by x-ray diffraction analysis. The hardness of the composites increased from 488 to 871 HV0.1 with the addition of Fe from 10 to 30 at.%, which has been attributed to the increasing amount of hard and brittle FeTi. The composite TiBFe1020 showed the lowest wear rate, whereas TiBFe1030 showed the lowest coefficient friction at all the loads. The observed behavior has been explained on the basis of the presence of a transfer layer of wear debris on the worn surface, its detachment, and area coverage provided to underlying material along with the hardness of the composite. The mechanisms of wear appear to be a combination of plowing, abrasion, and delamination, as revealed by SEM examination of worn surfaces. Keywords
abrasion, plowing, SPS, Ti-based composite, wear
1. Introduction Titanium and its alloys are attractive materials for aerospace and medical applications due to their high strength-to-weight ratio, high corrosion resistance, and biocompatibility (Ref 1, 2). However, poor tribological properties restrict their applications, as pointed by different researchers (Ref 2, 3). Blending Ti with other element powders (B, N, C, etc.) to generate the second phase in the form of ceramic reinforcements enhances its properties like wear resistance while retaining hardness at high temperatures. These Ti-based composites are synthesized using various sintering process (self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS), inductive hot- pressing, pressureless sintering, Spark plasma sintering (SPS). (Ref 4-6). Recently, additive manufacturing techniques are also being explored to fabricate different metal matrix composites and functionally graded materials through powder bed fusion (PBF) and directed energy deposition (DED) (Ref 7).
Ashwani Ranjan and Rajnesh Tyagi, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, U.P 221005, India; Vikas Jindal, Department of Metallurgical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, U.P 221005, India; and K.S.R. Chandran, Department of Metallurgical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84
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