Investigations of Multifunctional Graded Zirconium Carbide PVD-Coatings for the Application on Machine Parts
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Investigations of Multifunctional Graded Zirconium Carbide PVD-Coatings for the Application on Machine Parts Lugscheider E., Knotek O., Bobzin K., Maes M., Arntz K. Materials Science Institute, University of Technology RWTH Aachen Augustinerbach 4-22, D – 52062 Aachen, Germany http://www.rwth-aachen.de/ww ABSTRACT An efficient way to reduce energy consumption and costs of machines is to reduce the friction in tribological systems such as gear wheels, spindle bearings and regular ball bearings. Tribological PVD (Physical Vapour Deposition)-coatings have thus been developed at the Materials Science Institute in the context of the special research project SFB 442 named “Environmentally Compatible Tribosystems”. The main challenge facing PVD applications is the complex geometry of machine parts as well as the low deposition temperature. Therefore, the use of Magnetron Sputtering Ion Plating (MSIP-PVD) offers the advantage of producing coatings with a much wider range of properties. A superstoichiometric coating with an over saturated amount of carbon is adjusted by PVD parameters. This creates a shear-weak top coating with a low friction coefficient and a self smoothing surface. The coatings were analysed in standard tests such as the calo-test, scratch-test and HRC-test. Furthermore, the nanoindentation and SEM observations proved a clear correlation between chemical composition and physical properties. INTRODUCTION Coating of components such as roller bearings, hydraulic pumps or gearwheels helps to improve the frictional properties and protects against wear; in special cases these coatings also have to protect against corrosion. Hard/soft combinations as coating systems for components are particularly promising [1]. Shear-weak areas of the coating ensure good frictional properties, at the same time hard phases guarantee good protection against abrasion. Carbon layers have become very popular in component coating [2]. The combination of good adhesive properties and a high strength with a high elastic deformation as well as very low coefficients of friction have made carbon layers modern “structural elements” in several tribological systems. These coating systems are becoming increasingly important, in particular because their properties can be varied over a wide range by modifying the deposition process and addition of metallic elements [3]. The coating temperatures in modern PVD processes can be lowered far enough (
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