Investigations of the Chemical Composition of the Metal Finds from the Levadki Necropolis
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TALLOGRAPHIC METHODS IN HUMANITARIAN SCIENCES
Investigations of the Chemical Composition of the Metal Finds from the Levadki Necropolis A. V. Antipenkoa,*, N. N. Kolobylinab, A. U. Lobodab, E. U. Tereschenkob,c, S. A. Mulda, T. N. Smekalovaa,b, and E. B. Yatsishinab a Vernadsky
Crimean Federal University, Simferopol, 295007, Crimea, Russia National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute,” Moscow, 123182 Russia c Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography, Federal Scientific Research Centre “Crystallography and Photonics,” Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119333 Russia *e-mail: [email protected] b
Received July 5, 2017
Abstract—Copper-based alloy items of the III century A.D., found in Burial no. 182 of the Late-Scythian Levadki necropolis in the submountain Crimea, have been investigated. The elemental composition of the alloys of archaeological finds was determined, and alloys of artifacts belonging to groups of different origin were analyzed. The investigations were performed by scanning electron microscopy using energy-dispersive X-ray microanalysis. The emphasis of the study was on the dopants for copper. DOI: 10.1134/S106377451804003X
INTRODUCTION The necropolis is located at 1.5 km southward from the village Levadki (Simferopol region, Republic of Crimea). Protective archaeological works on this monument have been carried out since 1997 by the researchers of the Research Center of History and Archaeology of Vernadsky Crimean Federal University (former Crimean Department of the Institute of Oriental Studies of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine) under the guidance of S.A. Muld [1–3]. By the time of writing this paper, 191 funeral buildings in the necropolis have been investigated. Ancient burials (second half of the II century B.C.–beginning of the I century B.C.) were made in catacombs. In the I century B.C., large underground T-shaped vaults with tiered location of the dead arose in the necropolis. They had continued to be used in the first century A.D., along with pier and simple underground graves, which became widespread in the necropolis after the mid-first century A.D. The upper chronological boundary of necropolis functioning is the mid-third century A.D. (the time of destruction of all LateScythian monuments of the Central Crimea). Due to the extensive field studies, a great number of facts have been introduced into scientific discourse in the last decade. The necessity for interpreting them within a complex approach using natural science methods is related to the research problem of detecting sources of development and possible ways of spread of ancient technologies. The study is based on the use of conventional archaeological method: morphological
typological approach in complex with analytical data on the chemical composition of artifacts. The artifacts under study were found in grave no. 182, which is a two-chamber catacomb. The chambers are located from the southwest and northwest sides of the input pit (Fig. 1). A specific feature of this grave is that the southwest chamber was r
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