Ion Mobility Spectrometry: Fundamental Concepts, Instrumentation, Applications, and the Road Ahead
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J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. (2019) DOI: 10.1007/s13361-019-02288-2
CRITICAL INSIGHT
Ion Mobility Spectrometry: Fundamental Concepts, Instrumentation, Applications, and the Road Ahead James N. Dodds, Erin S. Baker Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
Abstract. Ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) is a rapid separation technique that has experienced exponential growth as a field of study. Interfacing K0 T P CCS E=V m/z IMS with mass spectrometry (IMS-MS) provides L additional analytical power as complementary Ion Mobility Spectrometry Rp separations from each technique enable multidiN0 mensional characterization of detected analytes. IMS separations occur on a millisecond timescale, and therefore can be readily nested into traditional GC and LC/MS workflows. However, the continual development of novel IMS methods has generated some level of confusion regarding the advantages and disadvantages of each. In this critical insight, we aim to clarify some common misconceptions for new users in the community pertaining to the fundamental concepts of the various IMS instrumental platforms (i.e., DTIMS, TWIMS, TIMS, FAIMS, and DMA), while addressing the strengths and shortcomings associated with each. Common IMS-MS applications are also discussed in this review, such as separating isomeric species, performing signal filtering for MS, and incorporating collision cross-section (CCS) values into both targeted and untargeted omics-based workflows as additional ion descriptors for chemical annotation. Although many challenges must be addressed by the IMS community before mobility information is collected in a routine fashion, the future is bright with possibilities. Keywords: Ion mobility spectrometry, IMS, Untargeted metabolomics, Mass spectrometry Abbreviations: IMS, Ion mobility spectrometry; MS, Mass spectrometry; DTIMS, Drift tube ion mobility spectrometry; TWIMS, Traveling wave ion mobility spectrometry; TIMS, Trapped ion mobility spectrometry; FAIMS, Field asymmetric waveform ion mobility spectrometry; CCS, Collision cross-section
DTIMS
TWIMS
TIMS
FAIMS
DMA
Received: 12 March 2019/Revised: 8 July 2019/Accepted: 15 July 2019
Introduction
I
on mobility spectrometry (IMS) is the study of how ions move in gases under the influence of an electric field, or in other words, the electrophoretic mobility of ions in buffer gases. Interestingly, while some may view IMS as a newer technique, its historical origins date back to 1896 in Thomson and Rutherford’s seminal work investigating the relationship between electrical conductivity and gaseous media [1]. Due to its fast screening capabilities and high sensitivity, IMS experienced rapid growth during the 1960s and into the subsequent decades as an atmospheric pressure device which could rapidly screen chemical vapors for trace quantities of hazardous mate-
Correspondence to: Erin Baker; e-mail: [email protected]
rial [2, 3]. Over the past century, advances in instrumental design further pushed the popularity of IMS forward by enhancing
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