Ionic Polymer-Metal Composite (IPMC) Artificial Muscles in Underwater Environments: Review of Actuation, Sensing, Contro

In the field of soft robotics, ionic polymer-metal composites (IPMCs) have shown great promise in the advancement of bioinspired actuators and sensors. Their affinity for use in aqueous environments, as well as their low-driving voltages (

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inspired Sensing, Actuation, and Control in Underwater Soft Robotic Systems

Bioinspired Sensing, Actuation, and Control in Underwater Soft Robotic Systems

Derek A. Paley • Norman M. Wereley Editors

Bioinspired Sensing, Actuation, and Control in Underwater Soft Robotic Systems

Editors Derek A. Paley Department of Aerospace Engineering and Institute for Systems Research University of Maryland College Park, MD, USA

Norman M. Wereley Department of Aerospace Engineering University of Maryland College Park, MD, USA

ISBN 978-3-030-50475-5 ISBN 978-3-030-50476-2 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-50476-2 © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors, and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Switzerland AG. The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland

Foreword

Aquatic animals occupy a wide range of niches in the ocean and shore, including the ocean depths, and have evolved a wide range of mechanisms for propulsion, manipulation, and bio-sensing to enable them to thrive in environments that are challenging for human technology. If we are able to extract the principles of sensorimotor control, biomechanics, and fluid dynamics of underwater propulsion and control in aquatic organisms and translate these principles of nature into technological capabilities, this would have the potential to exceed current engineering practice and enable animallike agility, maneuverability, and manipulator dexterity in future autonomous underwater systems. This is a propitious time for engineering such bioinspired systems, because we are on the verge of creating soft matter that can emulate the diverse capabilities of flexible appendages of living organisms and accomplish tasks that are not practical for rigid robots. Robotics systems have the potential to be transfo