Isolation and characterization of a recombinant Muscovy duck parvovirus circulating in Muscovy ducks in South China
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Isolation and characterization of a recombinant Muscovy duck parvovirus circulating in Muscovy ducks in South China Hanqin Shen1,2,3 · Jianfei Huang3 · Zhuanqiang Yan3 · Lijuan Yin3 · Qunhui Li3 · Qingfeng Zhou3 · Feng Chen1,2 Received: 23 June 2020 / Accepted: 29 August 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Austria, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract In 2019, flocks of Muscovy ducks presented with clinical signs typical of MDPV infection. The MDPV GD201911 strain was isolated by inoculating samples from positive birds into Muscovy duck embryos. Challenge with the isolate GD201911 caused typical MDPV disease symptoms and resulted in 25%–40% mortality, depending on the challenge dose, indicating the high pathogenicity of GD201911 for Muscovy ducks. Genome sequencing and phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that GD201911 clustered with recombinant MDPV strains, indicating that recombinant MDPV is circulating in China. Epidemiological monitoring should be performed continuously to assist with decision making for disease control.
Introduction Waterfowl parvoviral disease is an acute and highly contagious disease with high mortality and morbidity in goslings and Muscovy ducklings, leading to large economic losses [1]. Waterfowl parvoviruses, the etiologic agents of waterfowl parvoviral disease, include Muscovy duck parvovirus (MDPV) and goose parvovirus (GPV), both of which belong to the genus Dependoparvovirus of the family Parvoviridae [2]. In recent years, a recombinant MDPV (rMDPV) generated by the recombination of MDPV and GPV has emerged and has caused severe disease in captive Muscovy duck flocks [3]. MDPV infection escalates the incidence of bacterial infection and causes severe disease in the field [4]. No Handling Editor: Ana Cristina Bratanich. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-020-04829-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
vaccines are available for the prevention of rMDPV infection, which significantly restricts the development of the duck farming industry. rMDPV is non-enveloped virus with a small linear single-stranded DNA genome about 5.1 kb in length [3]. The genome contains two open reading frames (ORF) flanked by inverted terminal repeats (ITRs). The left ORF encodes the replication (Rep) proteins, and the right ORF encodes the structural proteins VP1, VP2, and VP3 [3]. VP2 and VP3 are included within the carboxy-terminal portion of VP1, and the proportion of VP1, VP2, and VP3 in the viral particle is approximately 1:1:8 [5]. There have been few studies investigating the evolution and pathogenicity of rMDPV. Therefore, in this study, we isolated an rMDPV strain from a flock of Muscovy ducklings with severe disease, determined its genome sequence, and investigated its pathogenicity. This may provide valuable information about the evolution and pathogenicity of waterfowl parvoviruses in the field.
* Feng Chen [email protected]
Materials and methods
1
During November 2019, disease o
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