Isolation and characterization of castration-resistant prostate cancer LNCaP95 clones
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Isolation and characterization of castration‑resistant prostate cancer LNCaP95 clones Jacky K. Leung1 · Teresa Tam1 · Jun Wang1 · Marianne D. Sadar1,2 Received: 29 July 2020 / Accepted: 13 September 2020 © Japan Human Cell Society 2020
Abstract The androgen receptor (AR) is a validated therapeutic target for prostate cancer and has been a focus for drug development for more than six decades. Currently approved therapies that inhibit AR signaling, such as enzalutamide, rely solely on targeting the AR ligand-binding domain and, therefore, have limited efficacy on prostate cancer cells that express truncated, constitutively active AR splice variants (AR-Vs). The LNCaP95 cell line is a human prostate cancer cell line that expresses both functional full-length AR and AR-V7. LNCaP95 is a heterogeneous cell population that is resistant to enzalutamide, with its proliferation dependent on transcriptionally active AR-V7. The purpose of this study was to identify a LNCaP95 clone that would be useful for evaluating therapies for their effectiveness against enzalutamide-resistant prostate cancer cells. Seven clones from the LNCaP95 cell line were isolated and characterized using morphology, in vitro growth rate, and response to ralaniten (AR N-terminal domain inhibitor) and enzalutamide (antiandrogen). In vivo growth of the clones as subcutaneous xenografts was evaluated in castrated immunodeficient mice. All of the clones maintained the expression of full-length AR and AR-V7. Cell proliferation of the clones was insensitive to androgen and enzalutamide but importantly was inhibited by ralaniten, which is consistent with AR-Vs driving the proliferation of parental LNCaP95 cells. In castrated immunodeficient animals, the growth of subcutaneous xenografts of the D3 clone was the most reproducible compared to the parental cell line and other clones. These data support that the enzalutamide-resistant LNCaP95-D3 subline may be suitable as a xenograft tumor model for preclinical drug development with improved reproducibility. Keywords Prostate cancer · Androgen receptor · AR-V7 · LNCaP95 · Ralaniten · Enzalutamide · Animal models
Introduction In the recent decade, several second-generation antiandrogens (enzalutamide, apalutamide, and darolutamide) have been developed for the treatment of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). These potent antagonists of the androgen receptor (AR) ligand-binding domain can extend patient survival but are not curative. All patients will eventually succumb to disease that is resistant to these therapies. One major mechanism of resistance to antiandrogens is the expression of constitutively active AR splice variants (ARVs) which lack the C-terminal ligand-binding domain [1, 2]. * Marianne D. Sadar [email protected] 1
Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, 675 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
2
Most CRPCs remain reliant on AR transcriptional activity to mainta
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