Isolation of Arcobacter spp. and identification of isolates by multiplex PCR from various domestic poultry and wild avia
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Annals of Microbiology
ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Open Access
Isolation of Arcobacter spp. and identification of isolates by multiplex PCR from various domestic poultry and wild avian species Elif Çelik* and Salih Otlu
Abstract Purpose: The purpose of the present study was to determine the extent and seasonal prevalence of Arcobacter spp. in domestic poultry and wild birds in the Kars region of Turkey using multiplex polymerase chain reaction (m-PCR). Methods: In this study, 1570 samples were collected from domestic poultry and wild avian species. The numbers of collected samples were as follows: 182 fecal samples from chickens, geese, and turkeys from family farms in the Kars region in Turkey; 1089 cloacal swab samples from chickens, geese, ducks, turkeys, and quails from family farms in this region; and 299 fecal samples from wild pigeons, crows, and owls in the same region. Results: Arcobacter spp. were isolated from 17.43%, 35.77%, 3.63%, 6.87%, and 3.33% of the cloacal swab samples obtained from geese, ducks, chickens, turkeys, and quails, respectively. In the stool samples, Arcobacter spp. were isolated from 9.62%, 13.33%, and 4% of chicken, goose, and turkey samples, respectively. In wild birds, the isolation rates of Arcobacter spp. were 6.6%, 12.15%, and 0% in pigeons, crows, and owls, respectively. Using m-PCR, among 171 Arcobacter spp. isolates obtained from poultry and wild birds, 67, 78, 24, and 2 were identified as Arcobacter cryaerophilus, Arcobacter butzleri, Arcobacter skirrowii, and Arcobacter cibarius, respectively. Conclusions: Both poultry and wild avian species exhibited variable rates of Arcobacter species positivity. The presence of Arcobacter spp. in the digestive tracts of healthy poultry and wild birds may serve as a potential reservoir for the dissemination of these microbes in the environment and their transmission to other animals and humans. Keywords: Arcobacter spp.,·Cloacal swab,·feces, Poultry, Wild bird, This research summarized from the doctoral thesis was supported as project number 2015-TS-10 by the Kafkas University Scientific and Technological Research Fund.
Introduction Arcobacter spp. are small (0.2–0.9 × 0.5–3 μm), spiralshaped, and Gram-negative bacteria. They are non-spore forming and show corkscrew-like motility, aided by nonshielded polar flagella (Kayman 2012). In contrast to the genus Campylobacter, Arcobacter species are mostly aerotolerant and able to grow at temperatures below 30 °C (Brückner et al. 2020), although Arcobacter * Correspondence: [email protected] Department of Microbioloy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafkas University, Pasacayir Campus, 36040 Kars, Turkey
anaerophilus is an obligate anaerobe in the genus (Sasi Jyothsna et al. 2013). Therefore, Arcobacter species are separated from campylobacters due to differences in their structural properties and fatty acid profiles (Gonulalan and Ertas Onmaz 2015), together with their ability to grow at temperatures of 15–30 °C and under aerobic conditions (Kayman 2012). The Arcobacter genus is a member of th
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