Microbes involved in arsenic mobilization and respiration: a review on isolation, identification, isolates and implicati
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REVIEW PAPER
Microbes involved in arsenic mobilization and respiration: a review on isolation, identification, isolates and implications Payal Mazumder . Subhash Kumar Sharma . Kaling Taki . Ajay S. Kalamdhad . Manish Kumar
Received: 7 May 2019 / Accepted: 29 February 2020 Ó Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract Microorganisms play an important role in arsenic (As) cycling in the environment. Microbes mobilize As directly or indirectly, and natural/geochemical processes such as sulphate and iron reduction, oxidative sulphide mineral dissolution, arsenite (AsO33-) oxidation and arsenate (AsO43-) respiration further aid in As cycle in the environment. Arsenate serves as an electron donor for the microbes during anaerobic conditions in the sediment. The present work reviews the recent development in As contamination, various As-metabolizing microbes and their P. Mazumder Centre for the Environment, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India S. K. Sharma Environmental Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India K. Taki Discipline of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382355, India A. S. Kalamdhad Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India M. Kumar (&) Discipline of Earth Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382355, India e-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]
phylogenetic diversity, to understand the role of microbial communities in As respiration and mobilization. It also summarizes the contemporary understanding of the intricate biochemistry and molecular biology of natural As metabolisms. Some successful examples of engineered microbes by harnessing these natural mechanisms for effective remediation are also discussed. The study indicates that there is an exigent need to have a clear understanding of environmental aspects of As mobilization and subsequent oxidation– reduction by a suitable microbial consortium. Keywords Arsenic mobilization Arsenite oxidation Arsenate respiration Phylogenetics
Introduction Eco-friendly methods in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are in the limelight these days where the emphasis lies on developing a microbial treatment process. It has been well established that microbial processes aid to As leaching in groundwater (Kumar et al., 2020; Patel et al. 2019a; Kumar et al. 2017a). Some sulphate-oxidizing and iron-reducing bacteria are found responsible for this phenomenon (Kumar et. al., 2020). The focus is to use bacteria to reverse or immobilize the leaching of As because they can survive in a high As-rich environment. Diverse prokaryotes have shown the prospective of As
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Environ Geochem Health
oxidation, e.g. Alcaligenes, Pseudomonas and Agrobacterium. As a crucial detoxification method, arsenite [As(III)] oxidation into relatively less toxic arsenate [As(V)] is performed by heterotrophic Asoxidi
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