Isolation, Screening, and Evaluation of Cellulase-Producing Bacteria from the Soil of Similipal Biosphere Reserve for Bi
Lignocellulose is found in nature as an alternative source of energy and can be used for the production of bioethanol. Cellulose, one of the most abundant components of lignocellulose can be hydrolyzed using enzymes cellulase to produce glucose, which can
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M. Paul et al.
1 Introduction Fossil fuel sources such as coal, oil, natural gas have contributed to the drastic increase in the level of greenhouse gases in the earth’s atmosphere resulting in the need for alternative energy sources that are environmentally friendly, renewable, and sustainable (Ballesteros et al. 2006). Biomass is readily accessible around the world as residual wastes and agriculture biomass can be used as eco-friendly, renewable, and sustainable energy sources. The most important and abundant renewable biomass resources include crop residues such as corn straw, wheat straw, and rice straw. China has abundant biomass resources, as it is one of the largest agriculture-based economics in the world. China produces approximately 216 million metric tons of corn straw per annum and more than half of that remains utilized. Corn straw contains nonedible plant material so-called lignocellulose and is mainly composed of cellulose, hemicelluloses, and lignin. Bioethanol produced from lignocellulosic biomass promises to achieve a great emphasis; however, the process has several challenges and limitations such as biomass transport, biomass handling, and efficient pretreatment methods for total delignification of lignocellulosic and appropriate fermentative organism. Conventionally, bioethanol is produced from the processing of starch and sucrose-based feedstock, utilizing enzymatic liquefaction and saccharification, leading to the production of relatively clean glucose pool. However, the food and feed crops for energy production crisis have promoted the need for bioethanol production from sources other than the feedstocks with direct food and feed values. In the current study, soil sample was collected from Similipal Biosphere Reserve (SBR). Similipal Biosphere Reserve located in the northern part of Odisha and spreading over an area of 5578 km2 is one of the prominent biological hotspots enriched in various floral, faunal, and microbial communities. The uneven geophysical condition of this biosphere reserve influences the diversity of floral and faunal distribution. Several studies in relation to flora and fauna diversity have been undertaken in this ecosystem. However, very less attempt has been made to assess the microbial diversity form this unique biosphere reserve. The soils of Similipal forests are associated with lignocellulosic waste materials and are good source of lignocellulolytic microorganisms. Hence, in the present study, an attempt has been made to isolate and identify some of the cellulose-degrading soil bacteria from this biosphere reserve and to assess the cellulose production ability for possible use in bioethanol production from lignocellulosic biomasses. There are attempts being made in the present study to isolate and screening of cellulose-degrading bacteria from the rhizospheric soil sample from SBR. Maximum cellulase enzyme production from the most potent bacterial isolates has also been conducted using various parameters such as temperature, pH, incubation time, and substrate conce
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