Italian ryegrass ( Lolium multiflorum Lam) as a High-Potential Bio-Ethanol Resource
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Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam) as a High-Potential Bio-Ethanol Resource Masahide Yasuda & Yuka Takenouchi & Yui Nitta & Yasuyuki Ishii & Kazuyoshi Ohta
# Springer Science+Business Media New York 2015
Abstract Cellulosic bioethanol production from lignocellulosic biomass has been recognized as one of the promising sustainable energy source alternatives to petroleum-based fuels, since the lignocelluloses are not directly in competition with food sources. In order to develop a lignocellulosic raw material with high energy crops for bio-ethanol production, we selected Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam). Bioethanol production from Italian ryegrass through a lowmoisture anhydrous ammonia (LMAA) pretreatment and simultaneous saccharification and co-fermentation (SSCF) was examined. At first, Italian ryegrass was subjected to LMAA pretreatment, which was performed by keeping the moist powdered Italian ryegrass under NH3 gas atmosphere at room temperature for 4 weeks. The effect of LMAA pretreatment was examined for bio-ethanol production through simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) which was performed at 34 °C using Saccharomyces cerevisiae, cellulase, and xylanase. The yields of ethanol and xylose in SSF were enhanced by LMAA-pretreatment. The SSCF of the LMAAretreated Italian ryegrass was performed at 36 °C using Escherichia coli KO11, S. cerevisiae, cellulase, and xylanase. The SSCF of LMAA-pretreated Italian ryegrass produced M. Yasuda (*) : Y. Takenouchi : Y. Nitta Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, University of Miyazaki, Gakuen-Kibanadai Nishi, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan e-mail: [email protected] Y. Ishii Department of Animal and Grassland Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Gakuen-Kibanadai Nishi, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan K. Ohta Department of Biochemistry and Applied Biosciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Gakuen-Kibanadai Nishi, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
ethanol in higher yield (84.6 %) compared with those of LMAA-pretreated bamboo, rice straw, Napier grass, and silvergrass. Keywords Bio-ethanol . Lignocellulosic raw material . Italian ryegrass . Simultaneous saccharification and co-fermentation (SSCF) Abbreviations AFEX Ammonia fiber explosion pretreatment CF Co-fermentation E Ethanol G Glucose HF Hexose fermentation LC Lignocellulosic materials LMAA Low-moisture anhydrous ammonia pretreatment· SAA Soaking in aqueous ammonia pretreatment SSF Simultaneous saccharification and fermentation SSCF Simultaneous saccharification and co-fermentation PT Pretreatment X Xylose XF Xylose fermentation
Introduction Cellulosic bioethanol has been widely recognized as one of the promising sustainable energy alternatives to petroleumbased fuels, since the lignocelluloses are not directly in competition with food sources [1, 2]. So far, many scientists have investigated bio-ethanol production through a variety of saccahrification and fermentation processes, using many kinds of herbaceous lignocelluloses. However, the ethan
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