Modification-bioremediation of copper, lead, and cadmium-contaminated soil by combined ryegrass ( Lolium multiflorum Lam
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Modification-bioremediation of copper, lead, and cadmium-contaminated soil by combined ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa treatment Guang-yu Shi 1,2
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Ying-jia Yan 1 & Zhi-qiang Yu 1 & Lu Zhang 2 & Yuan-yuan Cheng 1 & Wei-lin Shi 1
Received: 29 March 2020 / Accepted: 22 June 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract The principal objective of this study was to investigate the strengthened remediation effect and relevant mechanism of P. aeruginosa on ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) for soil contaminated by Cu-Pb-Cd compound heavy metals. The results showed that the complex heavy metals’ contamination had remarkable inhibiting effect on the growth of plants (P < 0.01), and the biomass of ryegrass’s stem and leaves declined by 28.2%, while that of roots decreased by 34.7% after 45 days. The inoculation of P. aeruginosa promoted the growth of ryegrass in polluted soil, in which the biomass recovered to the same level of that in normal plant; the activity of both catalase and urease in the soil also increased strikingly (by 29.3% and 75.7%, respectively); the ratio of residual heavy metals in the soil decreased, while the acid extractable heavy metals increased notably. Therefore, the absorption and accumulation of ryegrass to the heavy metals in soil were improved to some extent; the bioconcentration factor of Cu, Pb, and Cd in ryegrass increased by 35.9%, 55.6%, and 283.5%, respectively. The exterior microorganism allowed the accumulation of Cu, Pb, and Cd in shoots of ryegrass increasing remarkably, while in roots, only the accumulation of Pb increased by 16.3%, and that of both Cu and Cd decreased. Besides, in the P. aeruginosa-inoculated system, the transfer factor of Cu and Cd in plants increased strikingly, while that of Pb decreased. Keywords Ryegrass . Pseudomonas aeruginosa . Heavy metals . Compound pollution . Combined remediation
Introduction With the rapid development of industrialization, urbanization, and agricultural intensification in China, a large number of industrial, domestic, and agricultural sources of pollutants pose hazards to the environment, and some areas have even reached a relatively serious degree. In particular, soil pollution caused by heavy metals, such as Cd, Hg, Cu, Pb, and Cr, has become increasingly prominent.
Responsible Editor: Elena Maestri * Guang-yu Shi [email protected] 1
College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
2
Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
In the “Report on geochemical survey of cultivated land in China,” the heavy metal pollution in farmland soil of 31 provinces and cities from 2000 to 2015 was analyzed, and the results showed that the average content of the 7 heavy metals (Hg, Cd, Cr, Pb, Cu, Zn, Ni) exceeded the background value of Chinese soil, presenting a phenomenon of accumulation. Among them, the accumulation of Hg and Cd is the most se
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