Jacques Friedel Named 1988 Von Hippel Award Recipient
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Jacques Friedel Named 1988 Von Hippel Award Recipient Friedel has made major contributions to a wide range of fields within the domain of condensed matter sciences which have profoundly influenced...theoretically and experimentally...advances ranging from the quantum theory of solids, materials science, and metallurgy to chemistry.
Jacques Friedel
Jacques Friedel, head of the Physics Department at the University of Paris in Orsay, will receive the 1988 Von Hippel Award from the Materials Research Society during a ceremony at the 1988 MRS Fall Meeting in Boston. The award, the Society's highest honor, will be given in recognition of his many major contributions to a wide range of fields within the domain of condensed matter sciences which have profoundly influenced—both theoretically and experimentally—advances ranging from the quantum theory of solids, materials science, and metallurgy to chemistry. Professor Friedel's research has been primarily directed toward basic and fundamental questions rather than specialized areas. As a result, his solutions have influenced virtually every line of condensed matter research over the past 30 years, including dislocations, creep, internal friction and work-hardening of metals, ferromagnetism, superconductivity, the electronic structure of metals and alloys, liquid crystals, and cluster physics. The hallmark of his work encompasses pioneering contributions to the understanding of behavior of dislocations and strength of materials, electron theory of metals, and the properties of alloys. By 1954, he had formulated the ideas that have become known as the Friedel sum rule and Friedel oscillations, as well as others, which laid the foundations for subsequent developments in the field.
Around this time, he developed the concepts of virtual bound state and magnetic moments. His early papers on these top ics, many co-authored with A. Blandin, form a classic body of work in solid state physics. The list of his other notable achievements includes the development of the concept of spin glass; a real-space approach to calculating the electronic structure of materials that lack translational symmetry; the Friedel model for oriented cross-slip of dislocations; the dissociation of dislocations into disclinations; and the description of work-hardening in metals through the interaction of dislocations with a random array of obstacles. His 1956 text, Les Dislocations, is also a widely read classic that has been translated into several languages.
Friedel was instrumental in reestablishing the European physics community following World War II. Professor Friedel was instrumental in reestablishing the European physics community following World War II. He ensured that the applied side of materials science would not follow the pre-1939 metallurgical tradition, but instead fully incorporated the developments of dislocations and electronic structure. That he introduced these concepts in the 1950s in France—but that they were not fully adopted in other parts of Europe until the 1970s—attests to his
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