Japan and the European Union A Partnership for the Twenty-First Cent

Relations between Japan and the EU rarely hit the headlines. Yet, based upon decades of incremental developments, their bilateral partnership has come to cover a wide range of activities. This book traces the history of that mutual interaction and assesse

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Julie Gilson

Japan and the European Union

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Japan and the European Union A Partnership for the Twenty-First Century? Julie Gilson Lecturer in Japanese Studies University of Birmingham

First published in Great Britain 2000 by

MACMILLAN PRESS LTD Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS and London Companies and representatives throughout the world A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. ISBN 978-1-349-41479-6 ISBN 978-0-333-98139-9 (eBook) DOI 10.1057/9780333981399 First published in the United States of America 2000 by ST. MARTIN’S PRESS, INC., Scholarly and Reference Division, 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10010

ISBN 978-0-312-22616-9 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Gilson, Julie Japan and the European Union : a partnership for the twenty-first century? / Julie Gilson. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-312-22616-9 (cloth) 1. European Union countries—Foreign economic relations—Japan. 2. Japan– –Foreign economic relations—European Union Countries. I. Title HF1531.Z4 J34 2000 337.4052—dc21 99–033857 © Julie Gilson 2000 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2000 978-0-333-76488-6 All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No paragraph of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London W1P 0LP. Any person who does any unauthorised act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. The author has asserted her right to be identified as the author of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. This book is printed on paper suitable for recycling and made from fully managed and sustained forest sources. 0987654321 1 09 08 07

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Contents Preface Abbreviations

xi xiii

1

Introduction: Assessing Bilateral Relations

1

2

Developing Cooperation, 1950s–80s

11

3

Japan and its Changing Views of Europe

39

4

European Integration and Changing Views of Japan

64

5

The 1990s and a New Era in Japan–EU Relations

89

6

Cooperation in Regional Forums

121

7

Addressing Global Agendas

147

8

Conclusion: A Partnership for the Twenty-first Century?

166

Appendices

173

I

173

Joint Declaration

II Chronology of Japan–EU Relations

176

Notes

180

Bibliography

207

Index

216

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List of Tables 6.1 Growth in the value of world trade by regions, 1990–96 6.2 EU trade with Asia, 1984 and 1992–94, imports 6.3 EU trade with Asia, 1984 and 1992–94, exports

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Preface Relations between Japan and the European Union are rarel