Joint effects of depth-aiding augmentations and viewing positions on the quality of experience in augmented telepresence
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Joint effects of depth‑aiding augmentations and viewing positions on the quality of experience in augmented telepresence Elijs Dima1 · Kjell Brunnström1,2 · Mårten Sjöström1 · Mattias Andersson3 · Joakim Edlund1 · Mathias Johanson4 · Tahir Qureshi5 Received: 17 August 2019 © The Author(s) 2020
Abstract Virtual and augmented reality is increasingly prevalent in industrial applications, such as remote control of industrial machinery, due to recent advances in head-mounted display technologies and low-latency communications via 5G. However, the influence of augmentations and camera placement-based viewing positions on operator performance in telepresence systems remains unknown. In this paper, we investigate the joint effects of depth-aiding augmentations and viewing positions on the quality of experience for operators in augmented telepresence systems. A study was conducted with 27 non-expert participants using a real-time augmented telepresence system to perform a remote-controlled navigation and positioning task, with varied depth-aiding augmentations and viewing positions. The resulting quality of experience was analyzed via Likert opinion scales, task performance measurements, and simulator sickness evaluation. Results suggest that reducing the reliance on stereoscopic depth perception via camera placement has a significant benefit to operator performance and quality of experience. Conversely, the depth-aiding augmentations can partly mitigate the negative effects of inferior viewing positions. However the viewing-position based monoscopic and stereoscopic depth cues tend to dominate over cues based on augmentations. There is also a discrepancy between the participants’ subjective opinions on augmentation helpfulness, and its observed effects on positioning task performance. Keywords Quality of experience · Augmented reality · Telepresence · Head mounted displays · Depth perception
Introduction
This work has been funded by the Knowledge Foundation (Grant No. 20160194) and the EU Regional Development Fund (Grant No. 20201888), which are gratefully acknowledged.
Applications of Virtual Reality (VR) and particularly Augmented Reality (AR) are becoming increasingly important for non-entertainment applications. Driver assistance systems based on volumetric AR are developing [1, 2] and likely to appear in consumer cars in the near future. Beyond
* Elijs Dima [email protected]
Tahir Qureshi [email protected]
1
Mårten Sjöström [email protected]
Department of Information Systems and Technology, Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden
2
Mattias Andersson [email protected]
Division ICT-Acreo, RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Kista, Sweden
3
Joakim Edlund [email protected]
Department of Design, Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden
4
Alkit Communications AB, Mölndal, Sweden
5
HIAB AB, Hudiksvall, Sweden
Kjell Brunnström [email protected]; [email protected]
Mathias Johanson [email protected]
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Vol.:(0123456789)
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