Karyological and Molecular Genetic Divergence of Sculpins Myoxocephalus Gill, 1859 (Cottidae)
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AL GENETICS
Karyological and Molecular Genetic Divergence of Sculpins Myoxocephalus Gill, 1859 (Cottidae) O. A. Radchenkoa, *, I. N. Morevab, and A. V. Petrovskayaa aInstitute
of Biological Problems of the North, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Magadan, 685000 Russia Zhirmunsky Institute of Marine Biology, National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, 690041 Russia *e-mail: [email protected]
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Received December 30, 2019; revised February 20, 2020; accepted March 5, 2020
Abstract—Karyological and molecular genetic study of the sculpins of the genus Myoxocephalus is conducted. Molecular genetic analysis demonstrates that the genus is heterogeneous in the contemporary composition and is divided into Pacific and Arctic-Atlantic groups. In the Pacific group, a close phylogenetic relationship is found between the species M. stelleri, M. polyacanthocephalus, and M. jaok. The representative of the Arctic-Atlantic group, M. quadricornis, is monotypic and sister to Megalocottus platycephalus. Close relations of M. scorpius and the sculpins of the Pacific group are revealed on the basis of the molecular genetic and karyological data. Analysis of M. brandtii, M. ochotensis, and M. jaok from different parts of their habitats shows the absence of karyological variability. The degree and direction of the divergence of the karyotypes in Pacific species M. brandtii, M. ochotensis, M. jaok, M. polyacanthocephalus, M. stelleri, and M. scorpius are established. Keywords: genus Myoxocephalus, divergence, relationships, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), karyotype DOI: 10.1134/S1022795420100117
INTRODUCTION The genus Myoxocephalus is the largest in the group of sculpins of the subfamily Myoxocephalinae (Cottidae). Species of the genus inhabit coastal and shelf waters of the northern seas of the Pacific, Atlantic, and Arctic oceans [1, 2]. Two subgenera, Myoxocephalus and Littocottus, were identified in the genus on the basis of the morphological characters [3]. The former comprised 11 species and two subspecies, among them the longhorn sculpin M. octodecemspinosus and the grubby sculpin M. aenaeus from the North Atlantic. The shorthorn sculpin M. scorpius and subspecies M. s. scorpius and M. s. groenlandicus have a broader distribution and are found in the Arctic seas adjacent to the Atlantic. The frog sculpin M. stelleri, snow sculpin M. brandtii, tubercled sculpin M. tuberculatus, Okhotsk sculpin M. ochotensis, and plain sculpin M. jaok are known from the northwestern Pacific Ocean; the latter is distributed in the Arctic waters as well. The great sculpin M. polyacanthocephalus and the warty sculpin M. verrucosus inhabit the northern Pacific Ocean and the Arctic seas. The Arctic sculpin M. scorpioides has the widest distribution range comprising the Northwest Atlantic, the Arctic seas, and the northern part of the Pacific Ocean. Subgenus Littocottus is represented by M. (Littocottus) niger from the North Pacific [1, 3].
The modern catalog contains data on 14 s
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