Key Factors Influencing the Energy Absorption of Dual-Phase Steels: Multiscale Material Model Approach and Microstructur
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AUTOMOBILE materials that are used in crash-related components of car bodies should meet specific standards required to pass collision-related tests before forming them into different vehicle components. It is well known that dual-phase (DP) steel has a good combination of strength and ductility and, thus, is increasingly being used by automobile manufacturers in car bodies.[1] Furthermore, DP steels have been successfully used in vehicle parts that need crashworthiness resistance due to their advantages in reducing car weight and enhancing passenger safety. The microstructures of DP steels include martensite phase particles dispersed in
TAREK M. BELGASAM is with the School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99163 and also with the Mechanical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, University of Benghazi, Benghazi, Libya. Contact e-mail: [email protected] HUSSEIN M. ZBIB is with the School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Washington State University. Manuscript submitted October 10, 2017.
METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A
the soft ferritic matrix. Generally, DP steels contain a purely ferrite phase as a matrix with about a 3.3 to 47 pct fraction of martensite islands spread as a hard phase over a matrix.[2] The effect of strain rate on the plastic behavior of DP steels under both quasi-static and dynamic loading conditions was investigated by several studies.[1,3-23] Conversely, the effect of the microstructural parameters and the role they play in influencing the plastic behavior of DP steels under low and high strain rates were examined in only a limited number of studies.[1,4,6-8,10-13,16-18,20-24] For instance, Wang et al.[13] experimentally studied the influence of the morphology and volume fraction of martensite phase on the dynamic mechanical properties of DP600, DP800, and DP1000 under high strain rates from 700 to 1000 s1. They found that while the toughness of the DP600 decreased with increasing strain rate, the toughness of the DP800, the DP1000, and the M1200 improved as the strain rate increased. Alturk et al.[1] examined the impact of martensite phase content in DP980 and QP980 on the strain-rate sensitivity at different strain rates (0.005 and 500 s1) that usually occur during a crash event. They reported that the energy absorption of DP980 improved significantly with
the increase in strain rates at values that are close to collision conditions. Kim and Lee[10] investigated the effect of the morphology of martensite phase and martensite volume fraction on mechanical properties of DP steels under quasi-static and dynamic loading. Hwang et al.[12] studied the impact of microscopic parameters, such as martensite volume fraction and ferrite grain size, on dynamic torsional behavior and quasi-static tensile in DP steels. Several other researchers attempted to improve the mechanical properties of DP steels under different strain-rate conditions by developing methods to obtain the optimum microstructural features.[19-23] In the last few y
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