Kinetic Monitoring of Bioremediators for Biodegradation of Gasoil-Polluted Soil
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Kinetic Monitoring of Bioremediators for Biodegradation of Gasoil-Polluted Soil Mina Hashemi Tazangi & Soheila Ebrahimi Reza Ghorbani Nasrabadi & Seyed Alireza Movaheddi Naeeni
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Received: 22 April 2020 / Accepted: 23 July 2020 # Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract In the present study, total petroleum hydrocarbon biodegradation by wheat straw biochar and active carbon (TPH) was investigated in gasoil-polluted soil around oil refinery of Shiraz, Iran. The experiment was conducted as split-split-plot in time based on completely randomized design with three replications. Various weights of biochar and active carbon (0, 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 g kg−1) were assigned to main plots, whereas particle sizes (1–2 mm for biochar and 0.05– 2.05 mm for active carbon) were assigned to subplots, and the effects were monitored weekly. Biodegradation constant (K) for active carbon ranged from 0.0139 to 0.0328 day −1 , whereas it varied from 0.0145 to 0.0369 day−1 for biochar. Also, this value was 0.0088 for control soil. Half-life for control soil was 78.7 days, which decreased as result of applying various size and weights of active carbon (21.13–49.8 days) and biochar (18.7–47.8 days). Thus, the technology used in this study provides a cheap, efficient, and environment friendly method which may be successfully applied in gasoil-polluted soils to enhance the environment for plants and soil microorganisms.
Keywords Biochar . Active carbon . Biodegradation . Petroleum pollution M. H. Tazangi : S. Ebrahimi (*) : R. G. Nasrabadi : S. A. M. Naeeni Department of Soil Science, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran e-mail: [email protected]
1 Introduction Iran is one of the largest oil-producing and crudeexporting countries in the world (fourth biggest producer of crude oil and natural gas in the world (Nikkhah et al. 2019)), whose economy is directly dependent on oil and agriculture. Soil hydrocarbon pollution is directly or indirectly one of the environmental crises of this region. Crude oil is the main source of energy and various industrially crucial chemical compounds (Abbasian et al. 2016). Rapid growth of world population has led to soaring demand of petroleum products which in turn has resulted in increased production, transfer, and refining as well as inevitable environmental issues (Gallego et al. 2001). Therefore, increased extraction, production, and distribution of petroleum are accompanied by serious oil leakage issues, apparently (Hussain and Gondal 2008). Soil pollution with petroleum hydrocarbons and oil leakage leads to various environmental problems all over the world (Zhang et al. 2016). Apart from adverse effects on the environment, these compounds lead to severe changes in population and activity of microbes and microorganisms of soil due to their highly toxic and mutagenic characteristics (Masakorala et al. 2013). Thus, acute changes may be observed in population and frequency of various microbial species over time (Abbasian et al. 2015; Megharaj et al. 201
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