Biodegradation and Kinetic Analysis of Acetaminophen with Co-culture of Bacterial Strains Isolated from Sewage Wastewate
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Biodegradation and Kinetic Analysis of Acetaminophen with Co‑culture of Bacterial Strains Isolated from Sewage Wastewater Sunil Chopra1 · Dharmender Kumar1 Received: 27 March 2020 / Accepted: 16 July 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Acetaminophen (paracetamol, APAP) is one of the fastest growing pharmaceutical pollutants in the environment and has been classified under among the emerging organic pollutants (EOPs). The increasing concentration of it in our environment is not only harmful to the ecosystem, but also to the humans as well. In this study, the microscopy, biochemical test and 16S rRNA sequencing the characterization of APAP as the sole degrading stains viz. Staphylococcus sciuri strain DPP1 (MN744326), Bacillus subtilis strain DPP3 (MN744327), Bacillus paralicheniformis strain DKP1 (MN744324), Enterococcus faecium strain DKP2 (MN744325) and DDP2 (MT705211) were performed. Haldane’s growth kinetic model was used to identify specific growth rate and observed for DPP1 (485 mg/L), DPP3 (593 mg/L), DKP1 (477 mg/L), DKP2 (702 mg/L) and DDP2 (685 mg/L). The maximum specific growth rate was reported for the stains viz. DPP1, DPP3, DKP1, DKP2, and DDP2, was in order of 0.076, 0.223, 0.259, 0.179, and 0.141, respectively. The Box–Behnken Design (BBD) was used to identify the effect of physical parameters on degradation using mathematical modeling. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that the strains DPP1, DPP3, DKP1, DKP2, and DDP2 had significant F-value and regression coefficient (R2) value of 0.01%, 0.06%, 0.37%, and 0.18%, respectively. The co-culture of the five strains has utilized 1200 mg/L of APAP within 70 h while individual strains took 10 days. The intermediate metabolites like 4-aminophenol, benzamide, (R)-2-methylpentanoic acid, methylene-3-vinyl cyclohexane, and 1,5-hexadiene were identified by GC–MS. The degradation metabolic pathway was predicted by the intermediates by GC–MS, and PathPred based analysis.
Introduction The xenobiotic pollutants like pesticides, chemicals, and pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs), are increasing in the environment due to human activity and industrialization. Acetaminophen (paracetamol or APAP) is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAIDs) a subclass under pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs), which are detected very frequently in, many wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) and in water bodies. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00284-020-02137-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Dharmender Kumar [email protected] Sunil Chopra [email protected] 1
Department of Biotechnology, Deenbandhu Chhotu Ram University of Science and Technology, Murthal, Sonepat, Haryana 131039, India
Industrialization is one of the major causes of the increase in pollution. This leads to the entry of various pollutants directly or indirectly into various ecosystems in the environment. The pha
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