Kinetics of Biochar Liquefaction
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Kinetics of Biochar Liquefaction Roland Feiner & Nikolaus Schwaiger & Hannes Pucher & Lisa Ellmaier & Anton Reiter & Michael Derntl & Thomas Glatz & Peter Pucher & Matthäus Siebenhofer
# Springer Science+Business Media New York 2014
Abstract The renewable resource pyrolysis char hereinafter often referred to as biochar, produced by pyrolysis or hydrothermal carbonization, has promising properties for advanced upgrade. Technologies for the conversion of biochar to biofuels may therefore contribute to suffice the growing demand for fuel. Direct liquefaction of biochar is a conceivable way of producing biofuels. Direct liquefaction of biochar was carried out in a 450 ml batch reactor at a temperature of 425 °C with the hydrogen donor solvent tetralin. Biochar conversion of 84 % and an oil yield of 72 % were observed after 33 min of reaction time. Compared to fossil coal liquefaction, the hydrogenation of biochar leads to a diverse product distribution with more oil products and less intermediates. In process modeling, intermediates as well as products and residues of similar product properties according to their solubility in different organic solvents were identified. These product classes formed the basis for investigation of kinetics of biochar liquefaction. The reaction route network resulting from the reaction scheme was solved with a FORTRAN algorithm.
Keywords Pyrolysis char . Biochar . Kinetics . Biofuel . Noncatalytic
R. Feiner (*) : N. Schwaiger : H. Pucher : A. Reiter : M. Derntl : T. Glatz : M. Siebenhofer Institute of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, Graz University of Technology, Inffeldgasse 25/C/II, 8010 Graz, Austria e-mail: [email protected] R. Feiner : N. Schwaiger : L. Ellmaier : P. Pucher BDI-BioEnergy International AG, Parkring 18, 8074, Grambach Graz, Austria
Introduction Nowadays, there is a great effort to commercialize pyrolysis of biomass for biofuel production. Pyrolysis of biomass produces significant amounts of biochar up to 40 %, depending on the pyrolysis process and the type of biogenous feedstock. Except combustion, there is still a lack of high-end products for utilization of biochar. Pyrolysis oil as well as biochar have the potential to be converted to value-added products like biofuel [1, 2]. Lignocellulosic phytomass is the most abundant renewable material in the world [3]. Roughly 80 % of the total planet’s phytomass is assigned to lignocellulose, such as wood [4]. This abundance makes it a feasible feedstock for chemical conversion to second-generation biofuels. The obstacle which arises with the use of biomass is a high amount of oxygen in the feedstocks [5] and a highly complex chemical composition based on different monomers. The high amount of oxygen in the feedstock indicates an indispensable need of hydrogen when converting lignocellulosic biomass directly to biofuels. From the perspective of biochar, properties and composition pyrolysis of biomass is a pretreatment step. Due to pyrolysis, the oxygen content is lowered by 57 from 46 % in spruc
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