KIR and HLA-C genes in male infertility
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GENETICS
KIR and HLA-C genes in male infertility Karolina Wilczyńska 1 & Paweł Radwan 2 & Rafał Krasiński 2 & Michał Radwan 2,3 & Jacek R. Wilczyński 4 & Andrzej Malinowski 5 & Ewa Barcz 6 & Izabela Nowak 1 Received: 13 March 2020 / Accepted: 10 May 2020 # The Author(s) 2020
Abstract Purpose Approximately 50% of men reporting to clinics for assisted reproduction have abnormal sperm parameters; we therefore considered whether they differ from fertile males in terms of the frequency of KIR and HLA-C genes, suggesting the involvement of NK cells and some T cells in the inflammatory reaction that can occur in the testes, vas deferens, or epididymis. Method We tested a total of 1064 men: 445 of them were patients who, together with their female partners, participated in in vitro fertilization (IVF), 298 men whose female partners suffered from recurrent spontaneous abortion. Three hundred twenty-one fertile men constituted the control group. KIRs were genotyped using KIR Ready Gene kits and HLA-C by PCR-SSP methods. Results We found differences in KIR gene frequencies between men who became fathers via natural conception and men who participated in in vitro fertilization for KIR2DL2 (p/pcorr. = 0.0015/0.035, OR = 1.61), KIR2DL5 gr.2 (p/pcorr. = 0.0023/0.05, OR = 1.64), KIR2DS2 (p/pcorr. = 0.0019/0.044, OR = 1.59), and KIR2DS3 (p/pcorr. = 0.0016/0.037, OR = 1.67). KIRs in Cen AA region were significantly overrepresented in fertile males than in IVF males (p/pcorr. = 0.0076/0.03, OR = 0.67), whereas Cen AB + Cen BB frequency was higher in IVF males than in fertile males (p/pcorr. = 0.0076/0.03, OR = 1.50). We also observed a limited association in KIR-HLA-C combinations. Conclusion Fertile men differ in profile of KIR genes and KIR-HLA-C combinations from men participating in IVF. Keywords KIR . HLA-C polymorphism . In vitro fertilization embryo transfer . Infertility . Semen . Sperm quality and recurrent spontaneous abortion Karolina Wilczyńska and Izabela Nowak contributed equally to this work. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s10815-020-01814-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Izabela Nowak [email protected]
1
Department of Clinical Immunology, Laboratory of Immunogenetics and Tissue Immunology, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
2
Department of Reproductive Medicine, Gameta Hospital, Rzgów, Poland
3
Faculty of Health Sciences, The State University of Applied Sciences in Płock, Płock, Poland
4
Department of Surgical and Oncological Gynecology, Medical University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland
5
Department of Surgical, Endoscopic and Oncologic Gynecology, Polish Mothers’ Memorial Hospital–Research Institute, Łódź, Poland
6
First Chair and Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warszawa, Poland
Karolina Wilczyńska [email protected] Paweł Radwan [email protected] Rafał Krasiński rkrasinski
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