Knots and Primes An Introduction to Arithmetic Topology

This is a foundation for arithmetic topology - a new branch of mathematics which is focused upon the analogy between knot theory and number theory.  Starting with an informative introduction to its origins, namely Gauss, this text provides a backgrou

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Universitext Series Editors: Sheldon Axler San Francisco State University, San Francisco, CA, USA Vincenzo Capasso Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy Carles Casacuberta Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain Angus J. MacIntyre Queen Mary, University of London, London, UK Kenneth Ribet University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA Claude Sabbah CNRS, École Polytechnique, Palaiscau, France Endre Süli University of Oxford, Oxford, UK Wojbor A. Woyczynski Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA

Universitext is a series of textbooks that presents material from a wide variety of mathematical disciplines at master’s level and beyond. The books, often well class-tested by their author, may have an informal, personal, even experimental approach to their subject matter. Some of the most successful and established books in the series have evolved through several editions, always following the evolution of teaching curricula, into very polished texts. Thus as research topics trickle down into graduate-level teaching, first textbooks written for new, cutting-edge courses may make their way into Universitext.

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Masanori Morishita

Knots and Primes An Introduction to Arithmetic Topology

Masanori Morishita Graduate School of Mathematics Kyushu University Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan [email protected]

The English language edition is based on the Japanese original edition: Musubime to Sosu by Masanori Morishita Copyright © Springer Japan 2009 All Rights Reserved

ISSN 0172-5939 e-ISSN 2191-6675 Universitext ISBN 978-1-4471-2157-2 e-ISBN 978-1-4471-2158-9 DOI 10.1007/978-1-4471-2158-9 Springer London Dordrecht Heidelberg New York British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Control Number: 2011940954 Mathematics Subject Classification: 11Rxx, 11Sxx, 57Mxx © Springer-Verlag London Limited 2012 Apart from any fair dealing for the purposes of research or private study, or criticism or review, as permitted under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, this publication may only be reproduced, stored or transmitted, in any form or by any means, with the prior permission in writing of the publishers, or in the case of reprographic reproduction in accordance with the terms of licenses issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside those terms should be sent to the publishers. The use of registered names, trademarks, etc., in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher makes no representation, express or implied, with regard to the accuracy of the information contained in this book and cannot accept any legal responsibility or liability for any errors or omissions that may be made. Cover design: VTeX UAB, Lithuania Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Spring