Knowledge Cartography Software Tools and Mapping Techniques

 Focuses on the process by which manually crafting interactive, hypertextual maps clarifies one’s own understanding, communicates it to others, and enables collective intelligence. The authors see mapping software as visual tools for reading and writ

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Alexandra Okada Simon J. Buckingham Shum Tony Sherborne Editors

Knowledge Cartography Software Tools and Mapping Techniques Second Edition

Knowledge Cartography

Advanced Information and Knowledge Processing Series Editors Lakhmi C. Jain University of South Australia Xindong Wu University of Vermont

More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/4738

Alexandra Okada • Simon J. Buckingham Shum Tony Sherborne Editors

Knowledge Cartography Software Tools and Mapping Techniques Second Edition

Editors Alexandra Okada Knowledge Media Institute The Open University Milton Keynes, UK

Simon J. Buckingham Shum Connected Intelligence Centre University of Technology Sydney, AUS

Tony Sherborne The Centre for Science Education Sheffield Hallam University Sheffield, UK

ISSN 1610-3947 ISBN 978-1-4471-6469-2 ISBN 978-1-4471-6470-8 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-1-4471-6470-8 Springer London Heidelberg New York Dordrecht Library of Congress Control Number: 2014949782 © Springer-Verlag London 2008, 2014 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. Exempted from this legal reservation are brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis or material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the Copyright Law of the Publisher’s location, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Permissions for use may be obtained through RightsLink at the Copyright Clearance Center. Violations are liable to prosecution under the respective Copyright Law. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. While the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication, neither the authors nor the editors nor the publisher can accept any legal responsibility for any errors or omissions that may be made. The publisher makes no warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein. Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)

Preface

The eyes are not responsible when the mind does the seeing. Publilius Syrus (85–43 BC)

Maps are one of the oldest forms of human communication. Map-making, like painting, pre-dates both number system