La 3+ ,Gd 3+ -codoped BiVO 4 nanorods with superior visible-light-driven photocatalytic performance for simultaneous rem
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RESEARCH PAPER
La3+,Gd3+-codoped BiVO4 nanorods with superior visible-light-driven photocatalytic performance for simultaneous removing aqueous Cr(VI) and azo dye Jingwen Jia & Mengfan Zhang & Zhen Liu & Changlin Yu & Wanqin Zhou & Zesheng Li
Received: 22 May 2020 / Accepted: 2 September 2020 # Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract Approximately 300 nm La 3 + ,Gd 3 + codoped BiVO4 nanorods were synthesized via a facile hydrothermal method. Different physicochemical techniques were used to characterize the nanorods. The photocatalytic performance test in orange II oxidation and Cr(VI) reduction showed that La3+,Gd3+-BiVO4 composite nanorods exhibited superior performance for removal of orange II and Cr(VI). Doping of La3+ and/or Gd3+ obviously decreased the crystallite size of BiVO4 and increased its surface area. Moreover, codoping of La3+ and Gd3+ significantly promoted the separation efficiency of photo-generated charges. The improvement in texture property and the separation and transfer of electron/hole pairs mainly accounted for the high photocatalytic performance of La 3+ ,Gd 3+ -BiVO 4 composite nanorods. When Cr(VI) and orange II were coexistent, this synergistic reaction further efficiently suppressed the electron–hole recombination, leading to a large increase in photocatalytic performance with respect to single system. These studies suggest that La3+,Gd3+-BiVO4 nanorods are promising visible-light-driven photocatalysts for environmental remediation. J. Jia : M. Zhang : Z. Liu : C. Yu (*) : W. Zhou : Z. Li School of Chemical Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming 525000 Guangdong, China e-mail: [email protected] J. Jia : M. Zhang Faculty of Materials Metallurgy and Chemistry, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000 Jiangxi, China
Keywords BiVO4 nanorods . La3+,Gd3+-codoping . Synergistic . Photocatalytic performance . Nanostructured catalysts
Introduction Nowadays, the issue of organic pollutants and carcinogenic hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) pollution continuously challenges our fragile living environment, especially the water resource (He et al. 2020; Yu et al. 2019a; Yu et al. 2016; Chen et al. 2020; Yu et al. 2017). Organic pollutants, e.g., azo dyes are difficult to be deeply and fast eliminated with common water treatment technologies (Yu et al. 2019b; Hameed et al. 2007). Cr(VI) is known to have obvious carcinogenicity to humans (Zeng et al. 2018). To decrease its toxicity or treat the chromium-containing wastewaters, a variety of methods have been proposed, e.g., electrochemistry, chemical reduction, photocatalysis for reduction of Cr(VI) into Cr(III) and adsorption (Bailey et al. 1999), membrane filtration (Hafiane et al. 2000), precipitation (Palmer and Wittbrodt 1991), etc. Electrochemical process is the commonly used technology for Cr(VI) reduction (Jin et al. 2016). Applying the photo-induced electrons in semiconductor material for Cr(VI) reduction is an another advanced treatment approach with obvious advantages (Yu et al. 2020). In ph
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