Lack of intraspecific variations of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene in the greater mouse-tailed bat Rhinopoma microp
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Lack of intraspecific variations of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene in the greater mouse‑tailed bat Rhinopoma microphyllum (Chiroptera: Rhinopomatidae) in Iran Shiva Bagherfard1 · Nargess Najafi2 · Ahmad Gharzi2 · Vahid Akmali2 Received: 15 January 2020 / Accepted: 13 November 2020 © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Rhinopoma microphyllum is one of the species of bats that lives in arid and semi-arid areas of Iran. The initial suggestion of the presence of two subspecies R. m. microphyllum and R. m. harrisoni based on their morphological characteristics has been questioned on the basis of small differences between the populations. Later, other researchers assigned Iranian populations of this species to one or two subspecies based on their morphological and molecular characteristics. The present study provides a phylogeographical analysis of this species using 687 bp of the mitochondrial cytochrome b in 81 bats in Iran, Jordan, Levant and Ethiopia. Based on mtDNA sequences, we found a low degree of genetic diversity in the Iranian populations of R. microphyllum (π = 0.0025), which shows a close relationship between the haplotypes. The analysis of genetic distance (0.15–1.93%), phylogenetic trees, and statistical parsimony network showed that all Iranian samples were grouped in the same clade, while Levant, Jordan and Ethiopian samples belonged to a different clade. Molecular dating suggested the Iranian R. microphyllum lineage split from the R. microphyllum of the Levant and Jordan clade during the Pliocene 3.18 (2.11–4.32 Ma). Taking these results into consideration, we can conclude that all Iranian specimens belong to the same subspecies as R. m. harrisoni since molecular results indicate that Iranian samples are differ from Levant subspecies (R. m. microphyllum). Keywords Rhinopoma microphyllum · Chiroptera · Cytochrome b · Population genetic · Iran
Introduction Rhinopomatidae is a monotypic family composed of a single genus, Rhinopoma with an exceptionally large geographic range covering northern and western Africa, the Middle East, most of the southern Mediterranean, southern Asia, Pakistan, Afghanistan, and Thailand (with the exception of Rhinopoma macinnesi, whose distribution is restricted to arid areas of eastern Africa) Hill 1977; Cakenberghe and De Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s10709-020-00109-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Vahid Akmali [email protected] 1
Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Lorestan University, Lorestan, Iran
Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
2
Vree 1994; Simmons 2005; Hulva et al. 2007; Benda et al. 2012; Loumassine et al. 2018). The greater mouse-tailed bat, Rhinopoma microphyllum, (Brünnich 1782) is a mediumsized bat with a free tail and is mainly found in the arid and semi-arid regions of the Old World (Caken
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