Genetic diversity of cytochrome b in Iberian ibex from Andalusia
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Genetic diversity of cytochrome b in Iberian ibex from Andalusia Francisco J. Márquez1 · José E. Granados2 · Antonio Caruz3 · Ramón C. Soriguer4 · Paulino Fandos5 · Francisco J. Cano‑Manuel2 · Jesús M. Pérez1,6 Received: 13 December 2019 / Accepted: 7 October 2020 / Published online: 5 November 2020 © Deutsche Gesellschaft für Säugetierkunde 2020
Abstract We analysed the diversity of the cytochrome b gene in Iberian ibex (Capra pyrenaica) populations in the southern Iberian Peninsula by sequencing a fragment (987 bp) of this gene in 347 ibex from 10 population nuclei in Andalusia. We found 25 different haplotypes, which account for 64.10% of all haplotypes thus far described for the species (n = 39). All ibex populations other than those from Sierra de Loja shared haplotype EU081020, which was also the most frequent. Twenty haplotypes (80%) were present exclusively in just one population. Of the studied populations, ibex from the Sierra Nevada Natural Space had the greatest genetic diversity in this marker, which was found to harbour 17 cyt b haplotypes. Phylogenetic analyses based on the cytochrome b marker do not support the subspecific classification of this taxon proposed at the beginning of the twentieth century, although three distinct management units can be distinguished. Finally, we discuss the implications of our results on the management of this species. Although the results presented do not describe the structure of the population or the gene flow, it gives an accurate picture of the diversity of this mitochondrial marker, which can be considered a reflection of the historical processes that these populations have undergone. Keywords Capra pyrenaica · Management units · mtDNA · Southern Spain
Introduction Mitochondrial DNA is a small haploid molecule, around 16,561 bp in Capra pyrenaica (Hassanin et al. 2009), that is mostly maternally inherited. A haplotype consists of a unique mtDNA sequence. Although haplotypes are Handling Editor: Pamela Burger. * Francisco J. Márquez [email protected] 1
Departamento de Biología Animal, Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Universidad de Jaén, Campus Las Lagunillas, s.n., E‑23071 Jaén, Spain
2
Espacio Natural Sierra Nevada, Carretera Antigua de Sierra Nevada, Km 7Pinos Genil, E‑18071 Granada, Spain
3
Departamento de Biología Experimental, Universidad de Jaén, Campus Las Lagunillas, s.n., E‑23071 Jaén, Spain
4
Estación Biológica de Doñana (CSIC), Av. Américo Vespucio, s.n., E‑41092 Sevilla, Spain
5
Agencia de Medio Ambiente y Agua, Isla de la Cartuja, E‑41092 Sevilla, Spain
6
Wildlife Ecology and Health Group (WE&H), Barcelona, Spain
transmitted virtually intact from one generation to the next (it is assumed that mtDNA does not recombine), mitochondrial genes evolve faster than nuclear genes. In metazoans, the mutation rate of mtDNA is 5–50 times higher than that of the nuclear genome, which may be caused by the low efficiency of DNA repair pathways and/or by a more mutagenic intracellular environment given that mtDNA is s
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