Lactobacillus salivarius A3iob Reduces the Incidence of Varroa destructor and Nosema Spp . in Commercial Apiaries Locate
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Lactobacillus salivarius A3iob Reduces the Incidence of Varroa destructor and Nosema Spp. in Commercial Apiaries Located in the Northwest of Argentina Marcos Raúl Tejerina 1 & Marcelo Rafael Benítez-Ahrendts 1 & Marcela Carina Audisio 2
# Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Lactobacillus salivarius A3iob was administered to productive colonies belonging to commercial apiaries of small beekeepers (around 30–50 hives each one), from four departments of the province of Jujuy (Argentina): Yala, Tilquiza, El Carmen, and Los Alisos. The incidence of Varroa destructor and Nosema spp., before and after winter, was monitored during 2 years of study (2014–2015). Depending on the geographical location of each apiary and the application time, a monthly dose of the bacteria (105 CFU/mL) reduced the levels of varroasis between 50 and 80%. Interestingly, L. salivarius A3iob cells remitted the percentage of the mites to undetectable values in an apiary treated with flumethrin (at Yala, Yungas region). On the other hand, the spore levels of Nosema spp. in the lactobacilli-treated colonies also depended on the apiary and the year of application, but a significant decrease was mainly observed in the post-winter period. However, at Rivera (El Carmen’s department), no significant changes were detected in both parameters. These results obtained after 2 years of work suggest that delivering L. salivarius A3iob cells to the bee colonies can become a new eco-friendly tool to cooperate with the control of these bees’ pests. Keywords Lactobacillus salivarius . Nosemosis . Varroasis . Honeybee
Introduction The honeybee Apis mellifera L. plays an important ecological role worldwide as a key pollinator of numerous crops of economic importance for agriculture and human food [1, 2]. However, in the Argentinean Republic, honeybee breeding has honey production as the main goal, turning our country into the second honey producer and the third exporter worldwide. Bee honey is mainly produced at the central region of the country (Buenos Aires, Córdoba, and Santa Fe), reaching a record of 80 kg/hive. In turn, at Jujuy, located in the northwest region of the country and where our assays were carried out, the average production is close to 30 kg per hive, a value
* Marcela Carina Audisio [email protected] 1
Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Jujuy, Alberdi 47, 4600 Jujuy, Argentina
2
Instituto de Investigaciones para la Industria Química (INIQUI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Salta, Av. Bolivia 5150, 4402FDC Salta, Argentina
that depends on both rainfall and flowering [3, 4]. Exports, mainly delivered to the USA and Germany, were around 44,300 tons of bulk honey in 2015 [4, 5]. This situation explains why honeybee health is highly significant for Argentinean beekeepers. There are many factors that affect honey yield, pollination ability, and health of the colony [6]. In particular, different pathogens can decrease be
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