Landscape-scale Conservation Planning
This book expands the thinking and techniques of the new field of systematic conservation planning to include significant improvements borne of integrating social and natural conditions and processes to address the questions and problems of protecting eco
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Stephen C. Trombulak Robert F. Baldwin ●
Editors
Landscape-scale Conservation Planning
Editors Stephen C. Trombulak Department of Biology and Program in Environmental Studies Middlebury College Middlebury, VT 05753 USA [email protected]
Robert F. Baldwin Department of Forestry and Natural Resources Clemson University Clemson, SC 29634-0317 USA [email protected]
ISBN 978-90-481-9574-9 e-ISBN 978-90-481-9575-6 DOI 10.1007/978-90-481-9575-6 Springer Dordrecht Heidelberg London New York Library of Congress Control Number: 2010935298 © Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2010 No part of this work may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher, with the exception of any material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. Cover illustration: © 2010 JupiterImages Corporation Photo text: Aerial view of landscape and lake Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)
Foreword Hugh P. Possingham
Landscape-scale conservation planning is coming of age. In the last couple of decades, conservation practitioners, working at all levels of governance and all spatial scales, have embraced the CARE principles of conservation planning – Comprehensiveness, Adequacy, Representativeness, and Efficiency. Hundreds of papers have been written on this theme, and several different kinds of software program have been developed and used around the world, making conservation planning based on these principles global in its reach and influence. Does this mean that all the science of conservation planning is over – that the discovery phase has been replaced by an engineering phase as we move from defining the rules to implementing them in the landscape? This book and the continuing growth in the literature suggest that the answer to this question is most definitely ‘no.’ All of applied conservation can be wrapped up into a single sentence: what should be done (the action), in what place, at what time, using what mechanism, and for what outcome (the objective). It all seems pretty simple – what, where, when, how and why. However stating a problem does not mean it is easy to solve. Although conservation planners have enjoyed a number of spectacular successes in the last decade, like the re-zoning of the Great Barrier Reef (that achieved no-take areas over 33% of the region with at least 20% of every bioregion being conserved) and the influence of The Nature Conservancy’s ecoregional plans, the theory and practice of making conservation planning decisions unfortunately continues to be filled with pitfalls and unanswered questions. Is most progress made by working from the top down or from the bottom up? Have planners focused too much on achieving efficiency and not enough on sufficiency? And how much of an ecosystem
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