Language Change and Sociolinguistics Rethinking Social Networks

This sociolinguistic study offers a new theoretical framework for understanding the diffusion of language change within a community. Advanced statistical analysis methods are used in rigorously testing the supposed norm-enforcement effect of social networ

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Palgrave Macmillan Studies in Language Variation The study of language variation in social context, and the study of specific language communities in detail, are central to the linguistic enterprise. In this series we look for impressive first-hand fieldwork from speech communities of various kinds, analysed within a range of frameworks, quantitative and qualitative. All work reported in the series will raise important arguments about methodologies for researching language in social context, with analysis that challenges or extends current theory building. Titles include: JonathanMarshall LANGUAGE CHANGE AND SOCIOLINGUISTICS Rethinking Social Networks Daniel Scherier ISOLATION AND LANGUAGE CHANGE Contemporary and Sociohistorical Evidence from Tristan da Cunha English

Language Change and Sociolinguistics Rethinking Social Networks Jonathan Marshall The University of Edinburgh

© Jonathan Marshall 2004 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2004 978-1-4039-1487-3 All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No paragraph of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London W1T 4LP. Any person who does any unauthorised act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. The author has asserted his right to be identified as the author of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. First published 2004 by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS and 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10010 Companies and representatives throughout the world PALGRAVE MACMILLAN is the global academic imprint of the Palgrave Macmillan division of St. Martin’s Press, LLC and of Palgrave Macmillan Ltd. Macmillan® is a registered trademark in the United States, United Kingdom and other countries. Palgrave is a registered trademark in the European Union and other countries.

ISBN 978-1-4039-1488-0 ISBN 978-0-230-50413-4 (eBook) DOI 10.1057/9780230504134 This book is printed on paper suitable for recycling and made from fully managed and sustained forest sources. A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Marshall, Jonathan, 1963– Language change and sociolinguistics : rethinking social networks / Jonathan Marshall p. cm.— (Palgrave studies in language variation) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-1–4039–1487–7 (cloth) 1. Linguistic change—Social aspects. 2. Sociolinguistics. I. Title. II. Series. P40.5.L54M37 2003 306.44—dc21 2003054872 10 13

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To my daughter, Megan

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Contents viii

Preface List of Figures

ix

List of Tab