Large-area flexible nanostripe electrodes featuring plasmon hybridization engineering
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Large-area flexible nanostripe electrodes featuring plasmon hybridization engineering Carlo Mennucci§, Debasree Chowdhury§, Giacomo Manzato, Matteo Barelli, Roberto Chittofrati, Christian Martella†, and Francesco Buatier de Mongeot () Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Genova, via Dodecaneso 33, I-16146, Genova, Italy † Present address: CNR-IMM Unit of Agrate Brianza, via C. Olivetti 2, Agrate Brianza, I-20864, Italy § Carlo Mennucci and Debasree Chowdhury contributed equally to this work. © The Author(s) 2020 Received: 28 February 2020 / Revised: 11 September 2020 / Accepted: 14 September 2020
ABSTRACT Multifunctional flexible Au electrodes based on one-dimensional (1D) arrays of plasmonic gratings are nanofabricated over large areas with an engineered variant of laser interference lithography optimized for low-cost transparent templates. Au nanostripe (NS) arrays achieve sheet resistance in the order of 20 Ohm/square on large areas (~ cm2) and are characterized by a strong and dichroic plasmonic response which can be easily tuned across the visible (VIS) to near-infrared (NIR) spectral range by tailoring their cross-sectional morphology. Stacking vertically a second nanostripe, separated by a nanometer scale dielectric gap, we form near-field coupled Au/SiO2/Au dimers which feature hybridization of their localized plasmon resonances, strong local field-enhancements and a redshift of the resonance towards the NIR range. The possibility to combine excellent transport properties and optical transparency on the same plasmonic metasurface template is appealing in applications where low-energy photon management is mandatory like e.g., in plasmon enhanced spectroscopies or in photon harvesting for ultrathin photovoltaic devices. The remarkable lateral order of the plasmonic NS gratings provides an additional degree of freedom for tailoring the optical response of the multifunctional electrodes via the excitation of surface lattice resonances, a Fano-like coupling between the broad localised plasmonic resonances and the collective sharp Rayleigh modes.
KEYWORDS nanofabrication, nanostripes, transparent electrodes, plasmonic dimers, interference lithography, surface lattice resonances
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Introduction
Plasmonics has gained considerable momentum due to the ever increasing ease in the methods of fabrication and characterization of optical nanoantennas and also thanks to their multidisciplinary applications [1–5]. Indeed, localized surface plasmon (LSP) resonance, the collective oscillation of conduction electrons in noble metal nanoparticles resonantly driven by external electromagnetic fields, represents one of the most powerful ways to manipulate light at the nanoscale. Functional devices incorporating plasmonic nanoparticles on rigid dielectric or semiconducting templates have been employed in proof of concept seminal experiments [6–10]. More recently, the research interest is turning towards the development of advanced multifunctional plasmonic architectures, supported onto flexible, nonplanar and tra
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