Large-scale testing and finite-element simulation of twin square anchor plates embedded at shallow depth in layered soil
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Sådhanå (2020)45:248 https://doi.org/10.1007/s12046-020-01483-2
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Large-scale testing and finite-element simulation of twin square anchor plates embedded at shallow depth in layered soil media V SRINIVASAN1,* and PRIYANKA GHOSH2 1
Department of Civil Engineering, Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology, Nagpur 440 010, India Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, Kanpur 208 016, India e-mail: [email protected]
2
MS received 7 July 2019; revised 19 June 2020; accepted 14 July 2020 Abstract. The motivation and scope of the present work are to investigate the interaction phenomenon of two closely spaced square plate anchors through physical modelling and validating it with the help of finite-element modelling. In the present study, different sizes of plate anchors are considered for studying their uplift behaviour when they are laid as single as well as in a group of two symmetrical anchors. A large-scale model testing facility has been developed and fabricated in order to perform the physical modelling. In physical modelling, poorly graded, dry Quartzanium sand is utilized as the foundation material. PLAXIS3D, a finite-element software for geotechnical engineering, has been used to validate the experimental results obtained from the large-scale model testing facility. The effects of embedment depth and size of the anchor plate as well as layering in soil media are the parameters considered in order to determine the interaction factors with respect to the uplift capacity and displacement of anchors. Keywords. interaction.
Square anchors; vertical uplift; dry sand; layered sand bed; FE modelling; large-scale testing;
1. Introduction By twentieth century the construction industry commenced to utilize fairly lightweight sub-structures called ‘‘ground anchors,’’ which were buried in the ground to a sufficient depth to stabilize the uplift forces safely [1]. This led to an attractive, cost-effective and economic design solutions for sub-structures subjected to uplift forces. Since then many researchers across the globe proposed various methods [2–9] to arrive at the uplift capacity of such ground anchors for the given soil properties. But engaging them in groups when buried in soil ensues a catastrophic phenomenon in their behavioural response. The word ‘‘interaction’’ or ‘‘interference’’ has been evolved to address such issues, since the failure envelope of each anchor in a group coalesces and intervenes with each other. From the available research findings [2, 10–13] it is reported that the interference effect of closely spaced plate anchors is a serious concern due to the reduction in the ultimate uplift capacity and increase in the displacement of an anchor in the presence of other anchors in the group. This becomes more predominant at greater embedment depths, at higher peak angle of internal friction of sand and at closer spacing between the anchor plates, with a number of anchor plates acting in a group or a r
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